Study On The Moral Education Of Lei Feng Spirit For Modern College Students

In the new historical period of the21th century, the ideological and political education is facing a severe challenge. With the profound changes of the international and domestic situation, it'11be a major task in this era to further strengthen and improve the ideological and political education and train qualified builders and reliable successors for socialism with Chinese characteristics. Lei Feng Spirit is our valuable spiritual wealth as well as precious resources of the ideological and political education. In this new time, conducting moral education on Lei Feng Spirit for modern college students is of great significance, which can continue to strengthen and improve the ideological and political education, thereby enabling college students to make an all-around development of moral, intellectual, physical, aesthetics and labor education. In addition, education on Lei Feng Spirit will guarantee intelligence and talents both for our modernization of socialism and for our nation's great "Chinese Dream". Therefore, this dissertation is of great theoretical and realistic importance.The paper centers around the moral education of Lei Feng Spirit, mainly targeting on college students in the new historical period of the21st century. It elaborates on three fundamental questions concerning the development of the moral education on Lei Feng Spirit for modern college students, involving What (basic concept and theory), Why (value and significance), Which (goal and contents) and How (ways and means). The research involves three phases:problem-identification, reason-analyzation and suggestion-proposition. The methods adopted in this paper include literature review, comparative study and questionnaires. So the author firstly locates problems, and then analyzes causes before finally raising countermeasures. With the above research methods and approaches, the paper has carried out a comprehensive, in-depth and systematic research, involving basic theories, main course and realistic significance of the moral education on Lei Feng Spirit, current situation and influencing factors of moral education on Lei Feng Spirit for modern college students, and its theoretical bases, goal and contents, ways and means in this new times. The paper is divided into four parts:Chapter One, the first part, is a preface. It introduces reasons for the topic selection and research value, and then reviews related research findings at home and abroad as well as the problems existing in the research. Afterwards it explains the research plan, methods and innovations of this paper. In this paper, the author concludes that there are two significant meaning in the study of Lei Feng spirit in this new era:1)this paper defines the meaning of education on Lei Feng spirit, summarizes the social and historical condition and causes and characteristics of Lei Feng spirit, and also discusses the historical and practical meaning. What's more, the author confirms that the analysis on present situation and factors affecting college education on Lei Feng spirit and construction of the objectives, educational system, approaches and methods can enrich the contents of our present ideological and political education.2)in this paper, the authors provides contents, objectives and possible approaches on Lei Feng spirit which can provide new perspectives for our ideological and political education. And the author tries to analyze the characteristics about education on Lei Feng spirit. Literature review studies the concept, connotation, core, causes, time value, approach of spreading, education of Lei Feng spirit for college students and education on volunteers in the west. And the author concludes that studies on Lei Feng spirit in China is far from enough, and those studies are not comprehensive or systematic either. There's not even one book on education of Lei Feng spirit for college students in21st century. So, based on dialectical and historical materialism, follow problem-identification, reason-analyzation and suggestion-proposition sequence, the author, with the help of philosophy, education, ethnics and sociology, studies college education on Lei Feng spirit and this research would complete and deepen the present study at home.The second part, Chapter Two and Chapter Three, contains basic theories and its logical premise. Chapter Two summarizes the basic theories of moral education on Lei Feng Spirit, in which it mainly defines three key concepts of Lei Feng, Spirit and Lei Feng Spirit, discusses the social and historical conditions as well as the ideological origins that contribute to the forming of Lei Feng Spirit, fixes the principle contents, basic characteristics and connotation of Lei Feng Spirit, and also distinguishes several pairs of concepts, such as Lei Feng Spirit and the Ideological and Political Education, Lei Feng Spirit and Volunteer Spirit. This paper holds that Lei Feng Spirit is named after Lei feng, a communist solider, and is constantly enriched and developed in the practice of socialism based on the essence in Lei feng's words and deeds, which is the theoretical summary through generalizing and systematizing the words and deeds of the advanced groups of Lei feng type. It has five features:practical, advanced, public, epochal and humanistic. It originates from three ideological ideas, namely, Marxism Leninism and Mao Tsetung Thought, the traditional virtues of Chinese nation and the fine traditions of Chinese Communists. Basic social system and communist party conduct, ethical and social conduct are necessary social conditions for the form of Lei Feng spirit. The final section of Chapter Two defines the concept of the moral education on Lei Feng Spirit for college students and also distinguishes several pairs of concepts, such as Lei Feng Spirit and voluntary spirit, Lei Feng Spirit and the ideological and political education.Chapter Three chiefly expounds the main course and realistic significance of the moral education on Lei Feng Spirit. The main course of the moral education on Lei Feng Spirit can offer historic references. Meanwhile, the realistic significance of moral education on Lei Feng Spirit acts as the logical premise of this paper. Chapter Three follows the thought that is from the past to the present and from macrocosm to microcosm, and thus summarizes three phases of the main course:Socialist Construction Period, Reform and Opening-up Period and the New Century. Furthermore, Chapter Three generalizes three major features reflected in the course of moral education on Lei Feng Spirit:the change in education connotation from the others-based at one's own expense to the people-based win-win situation, the change in the education content from a single-level of " learning from Lei Feng by doing good" to a multi-level of " learning from Lei Feng by relating to life," and the change in the practical method from easily imitating Lei Feng' s external behavior to diligently learning its internal spiritual essence. Based on the above, this paper generalizes four historical implications:accurately grasping the connotation and essence of Lei Feng Spirit, closely bonding the characteristics of the times with the spirit of the times, constantly bringing forth new forms and contents, intensively strengthen the leadership and creative system and mechanism. At the end of this chapter, the paper also, from both micro and macro point of view, discusses the realistic significance of the moral education of Lei Feng Spirit for modern college students for the development of society and every college student. In this paper, the author concludes that there are four great meanings that college moral education on Lei Feng spirit can have on the development of our society:cultivation of successors of Chinese socialism, of innovative talents for our country, of harmonious society and sustainable development of our nation. And in a micro-prospect, it can nurture college students'quality on politics, personal spirit, ethnics and personal sustainable development.The third part is the main body of this paper, which follows the logical thought of firstly locating problems and then analyzing causes before finally raising countermeasures. It makes an all-around study of the current situation and influencing factors of the moral education on Lei Feng Spirit for modern college students, and its theoretical basis, goal and contents, ways and means in the new times. The third part mainly includes Chapter Four, Chapter Five, Chapter Six and Chapter Seven. Chapter Four focuses on investigation and analysis. This chapter comprehensively investigates the current situation and the influencing factors of the moral education on Lei Feng Spirit for modern college students from the perspectives of history and positive research. Viewing from the history, college students act as the main body in all previous learn-from-Lei Feng activities. Meanwhile, all these activities have promoted the growth of college students. Viewing from the practical research, this paper draws some conclusions through analysis. Modern college students have complicated attitudes towards Lei Feng Spirit, performing vague perception and negative state upon the value, connotation and effect of Lei Feng Spirit. Afterwards, they show caution and hesitation when emergencies happen. The paper also summarizes three effective methods of the moral education on Lei Feng Spirit for modern college students, involving various educational ways, teaching in class and carrier innovation of public service activities. Moreover, it generalizes three serious issues, which are weak integration of educational resources, single method and the lack of long-term effective mechanism. Through analyzing the influencing factors of the moral education on Lei Feng Spirit for modern college students, the above results are due to objective and subjective causes. On the one hand, the objective factors refer to the weakening of Socialist Market Economy, the conditionality of the ethical environments, the impact of the internet and the limitation of the traditional learn-from-Lei Feng activities. On the other hand, the subjective factors include college students' immature mentality, utilitarian values and cognitive disposition without their own opinions.Chapter Five elaborates on the theoretical bases of the moral education on Lei Feng Spirit for modern college students, which involves the related theories of Marxism, the educational thoughts of Marxism in China to young people and the theories of the ideological and political education in modern society. There are some theories about the humane studies of Marxism. For example, human essence is "the sum of all the social relations." The value of life is an externalization of human essence. Human is the main body of social history. The people are the makers of history. People's free and comprehensive development is that of "everyone," people's social relations, people's activity and ability, and people's individual personality. The inculcating theory of Marxism holds that it's not possible for workers to have social democratic consciousness at first and such consciousness can only be inculcated from the outside. The inculcating theory of Marxism also systematically demonstrates the theoretical direction, subject and object, main content and methods of inculcation. While the model education theory of Marxism believes that model education should start from the "actual people," follow the law of unity of opposites and then fulfill models'roles as leaders and motivators. During the long-term revolution and construction, the Communist Party of China, based on the related theories of Marxism, has explored, summarized and finally formed the unique educational thoughts for Chinese young people which include educational purpose, principle, contents and methods. With the combination of Chinese unique socialism construction and development of contemporary moral educational theory, the author analyzes subjects and objects and constructs a moral education model for inter-subjectivity communication. This model mainly contains such ideas like the person-centered educational idea, equal relationship, close to daily life, dialogue for disputes and mingling of emotion and reason. In this paper, the author also analyzes idea and behaviour and discusses the efficiency of moral education influenced by idea and behaviour for the process, design and subjects of moral education. Besides, the author also analyzes person and society which regulates the hierarchy, function and objectives of moral education. The above ideas and thoughts, the intercourse-practice theory of the ideological and political education in contemporary China and the combination of theory and practice, all of these provide theoretical guidance for the moral education on Lei Feng Spirit for modern college students, which collectively compose the theoretical bases for the research of this paper.Chapter Six establishes the system of objective and content for the moral education on Lei Feng Spirit for modern college students. In accordance with the developmental needs of modern society and individual college students, the author confirms the unity of ideology and non-ideology, the balance between the whole and different levels, the combination of inheritance and innovation which are the major principles to choose moral educational objectives and contents for college Lei Feng spirit. On this basis, this chapter dissertates and constructs the objective system of overall objective-specific objective-individual objective in three levels. Based on forming the excellent qualities possessed by college students, ten specific contents are summarized from four dimensions including college students'cognition, emotion, will and behavior, which are the educations of connotation on Lei Feng Spirit, generation process on Lei Feng Spirit, Marxism values, outlook of serving the people, political emotion, political identity, political position, occupation accomplishment, social participation and creational concept. According to contents, the connotation and process of its coming-into-being of Lei Feng spirit is the general outline. And this is both an overall view of the spirit and good way for personal morality. Marxism world values, outlook of serving the people, collectism value, political identity, political emotion, socialism pride and insult, social participation, occupational accomplishment, creational quality and innovative education explains political quality and occupational quality of moral education. All of these contents support and permeate with each other, which collectively compose the content system of the moral education on Lei Feng Spirit for modern college students.Chapter Seven builds up the system of ways and methods for the moral education on Lei Feng Spirit for modern college students. In the light of social change and development, the new concepts are determined. The concept of educational thinking mainly includes relative thinking, systematic thinking and open-minded thinking. As for the concept of the educational object, there are practical concept, emotional concept and process concept. The unity of social value and individual value is called the concept of educational value. These innovative concepts act as the bases of constructing appropriate educational ways and methods. When it comes to the content, the education of Lei Feng Spirit belongs to the ideological and political education, which shall apply to all the means of the ideological and political education. However, the biggest difference between the moral education on Lei Feng Spirit for modern college students and the traditional ideological and political education, is that of era and educational objective-college students. It is very important to find the accurate ways and methods of achieving good results. Therefore, the paper puts forwards four educational methods involving the combination of direct and indirect education, that of education and self-education, explicit and implicit education and that of common and specific education. Based on traditional moral education which emphasizes on education itself and also on direct, explicit and common education, the author puts weight on comparative balance among those four pairs of education, which is constructed by concise analysis of characters both of modern college students and of Lei Feng spirit. Meanwhile, with specific analysis of social community of modern college students and need for innovative talents of our era, the author also designs four specific ways:1) practice-cognation-practice,2) reality-virtual world-reality,3) curricular-extracurricular-curricular and4) question-solution-question.The fourth part includes conclusion, acknowledgments and bibliography.