Investigating The Influences Of Instructional Interaction On Deeper Learning In Smart Classroom

Deeper learning is a new requirement of teaching and learning in the new era.It is an important symbol of reform and development of the new educational philosophy and the forms of learning ways in technology-enhanced learning environment.Deeper learning is also an important way to realize the skills of the 21st century and an important representation of the quality of college students' learning.Since it was first proposed in 1976 in the field of education,deeper learning has aroused widespread concern in the education.In 2015,the National Association of State Board of Education issued a document regarding deeper learning as a national policy for the 21st century education in the United States.The New Media Consortium(NMC)has made deeper learning as one of the key trends driving the application of educational technology in schools for the four consecutive years in 2014,2015,2016,and 2017 in Horizon Reports.'The 2016 NMC Technology Outlook for Chinese K-12 Education A Horizon Project Regional Report','The 2017 NMC Technology Outlook for Chinese Higher Education:A Horizon Project Regional Report' and 'The 2018 NMC Technology Outlook for Chinese Vocational education:A Horizon Project Regional Report' reflected a collaborative research effort between the New Media Consortium(NMC)and the Smart Learning Institute of Beijing Normal University,they also taken deeper learning as one of the key trends in the application of educational technology in schools in China.The focus on deeper learning research is people's response to lifelong education,new educational philosophy and changes in learning styles.Promoting students' deeper learning is an important topic in educational reform and development.Interaction is a special activity of human beings,and it's also one of the important factors affecting teaching and learning effectiveness.High quality and deep interaction are important ways to promote deeper learning.The smart classroom environment provides support for interaction and deep learning.However,interaction and deeper learning do not happen as we expected while the construction of intelligent campus and smart classroom,the configuration and use of technical equipment and tools.There are some drawbacks in teaching and learning in colleges at present,such as single method of teaching and learning,inflexible teaching strategy,undemocratic teaching style,lack of effective interaction between teachers and students,low engagement and learning interest,lack of learning motivation,insufficient abilities.Relying on the advantages of smart classroom environment,this study designs instructional interaction strategies to promote learners' deeper learning,explores the evaluation methods of deeper learning,and analyzes the influences of instructional interaction on deeper Learning.There are three research questions in this paper.The first one is how to design technology-enhanced instructional interaction strategies to improve the quality and depth of instructional interaction.The second one is how to evaluate learner's level of deeper learning.The last one is how does instructional interaction affect deeper learning in smart classroom.According to the three research questions raised,this paper mainly includes two parts.Firstly,the paper constructs the theoretical construction of instructional interaction to promote deep learning in smart classroom environment.The paper constructs an instructional interaction framework to promote deeper learning.Based on investigation and analysis of the current situation of classroom interaction,the interactive strategy design method is proposed and five common used instructional interaction strategies supported by technologies are designed.And then,this study develops a two-level three-dimensional evaluation framework for the results of deeper learning,which evaluated the deeper learning from the social requirements level and the curriculum requirements level.The three dimensions are knowledge,ability and emotion.And the study also designs the evaluation methods and tools for different dimensions at different levels.Secondly,an empirical research on the influence of instructional interaction on deeper learning in smart classroom is carried out.This study uses the methods of experimental research,questionnaire survey,interview,content analysis,classroom observation,and statistical analysis to conduct teaching practice research.The study investigates the influence of instructional interaction on deeper learning.Based on empirical data analysis,this study drawn the following conclusions:(1)The results showed that The quality of instructional interaction is high and the interaction has a certain depth in smart classrooms.The students exhibited relatively more cognitive process of 'understand','apply'and 'analyze' under instructional interaction strategies in smart classroom.And the proportion of four deep cognitive behaviors of 'apply','analyze','evaluate' and 'create' reached 56.88%.In different instructional interaction strategies,the cognitive behavior of learners presented different characteristics.And different interaction strategies had different effects on learners' deep understanding and innovative thinking.(2)The technology-enhanced instructional interaction in the smart classroom environment could significantly improve learner's deeper learning.For the level of social requirements,the level of deeper learning were significantly improved after teaching;For the level of curriculum requirements,the average score of the learner's knowledge mastery was 79.19 which the full is 100,the level of thinking was close to the "multi-point structure-high" level,the research ability was significantly improved after teaching,and the learners had higher motivation and higher satisfaction with the course.(3)The results shown that the instructional interaction has a significant impact on deeper learning.Firstly,different levels of interaction had a significant impact on deeper learning,and the high-level groups were significantly higher than low-level groups.High-level instructional interaction was one of the important factors that affect students' deeper learning improvement.Secondly,there was a significant positive correlation between deep cognitive behavior and deeper learning.And the three cognitive behaviors of 'apply','analyze' and 'evaluate'had significant predictive power for deeper learning.Specifically,the cognitive behavior of 'apply'had significant predictive power for the overall level of deeper learning and cognitive level at the social requirements level.The two cogncitive behaviors of 'apply' and 'analyze' had significant predictive power for the competence level at the social requirements level.The two cognitive behaviors of 'apply' and 'evaluate' had significant predictive power for the level of knowledge,thinking and research ability based on research projects at the curriculum requirements level.Thirdly,different types of instructional interaction had different predictive power for each dimension of deeper learning.And interaction would have a positive impact on deeper learning,and also a negative impact.Specifically,the interaction type of 'interactive work quality' had significant predictive power for the overall level of deeper learning and the competence level at the social requirements level.The type of interaction 'real-time evaluation and feedback' had significant predictive power for the cognitive level at the social requirements level.The three interaction types of 'real-time evaluation and feedback','collaborative knowledge construction' and 'cognitive participation' had significant predictive power for the level of knowledge at the curriculum level.The two interaction types of 'collaborative knowledge construction' and 'cognitive participation' had significant predictive power for the level of thinking.The two types of interactions 'real-time evaluation and feedback' and 'collaborative knowledge construction' had significant predictive power for the research ability based on questionnaires.And the two types of interactions 'collaborative knowledge construction' and'interactive work quality' had significant predictive power for research capabilities based on research works.Through a simple content analysis of the interview data,it was found that the technology-enhanced instructional interaction in smart classroom had a significant positive impact on deeper learning,and it also had some negative effects.