A Study On The Built Environment Of Outdoor Physical Activity For The Elderly In Urban Communities

Under the dual pressure of population aging and urbanization,in the face of the growing demand for physical activity of the elderly,the problem of lagging behind the development of urban built environment has become increasingly prominent,which has aroused the continuous concern of the whole society.This study is based on the micro-individual analysis of the outdoor physical activity of the elderly.Taking the urban settlement as the space carrier and Nanjing as an example,the basic principles of the multi-disciplinary theory such as the social ecology model are applied to the physical activity built environment.Using the objective measurement method of physical activity to understand the level and spatial characteristics of outdoor physical activity of the elderly,it provides an objective basis for guiding the elderly to rationally use the activity space and promote their outdoor physical activity and health.Based on the measured objective built environment data and subjective built environment data,explore the relationship between the subjective and objective built environment and the outdoor physical activity and health of the elderly,and rank the importance of the subjective and objective built environmental components,in order to be the elderly The optimistic development of the built environment of outdoor physical activity is a rumor.878 people aged from 60 to 80 were selected as subjects in the study area.Physical activity spatial data is measured by GPS locator.The physical activity level is measured by ActiGraph GT3X+accelerometer,and the obtained data is matched with the surveyed community plan,traffic location map,research target family residence information,outdoor physical activity log,and outdoor.Physical activity data.The processing and analysis of the objective built environmental data were completed by ArcGIS 10.2 software.The multi-level linear model was used to analyze and evaluate the objective built environment and the outdoor physical activity of the elderly.The subjective built environment data was collected using the built-up environmental questionnaire of the elderly physical activity,and the gray correlation model was used to analyze and evaluate the subjective built environment and the outdoor physical activity of the elderly.On this basis,the structural equation model is used to empirically analyze the theoretical model and research hypothesis.The following findings are obtained:(1)The level of outdoor physical activity of the elderly in Nanjing(average day outdoor MVPA=28.41±27.59 min/day),the overall level of activity(average daily total MVPA=45.05±32.18 min/day),according to the current physical activity of the elderly The recommended amount of requirements,74.7%of the subjects can be satisfied.In general,the outdoor MVPA rankings of different types of community research objects are followed by marginal communities,unit communities,integrated communities and traditional communities.(2)Among the objective built environmental variables,many factors can promote the outdoor physical activity and health of the elderly,and the street connectivity is positively correlated with outdoor MVPA,working day outdoor MVPA and rest day outdoor MVPA;There is a positive correlation between outdoor MVPA and physical self-evaluation on weekdays;there is a positive correlation between the total length of per capita roads and the BMI index;and there is a positive correlation between the distance between fitness and leisure places and the BMI index.(3)The elderly in Nanjing are satisfied with the traffic sites,community policing,commercial places,etc.in the community and its surrounding areas,and have low evaluations on the special service facilities,residential density and environmental sanitation of the community and its surrounding areas.The rankings of subjective built environmental quality scores of different types of communities in Nanjing are ranked as marginal communities,integrated communities,unit communities and traditional communities.From the evaluation results of the subjective built environment and the objective built environment,it can be seen that the ranking of the subjective and objective built environmental indicators is not the same.(4)Using the structural equation model to empirically analyze the theoretical model and research hypothesis.The hypothesis test is as follows:1.The objective built environment promotes outdoor physical activity and health;2 The subjective built environment promotes outdoor physical activity and health;3 The subjective built environment is positively related to the objective built environment;4 outdoor physical activity promotes health.The analysis of the importance of the elements of the objective and objective built environment shows that the order of influence of objective built environment components is density,design and diversity,and accessibility.The order of influence of subjective built environment components is the aesthetics of the active environment.Activity environment and facility security,traffic accessibility,residential suitability,destination accessibility.The conclusions of the study are as follows:(1)The average daily MVPA of the subjects was 28.41 min/day,and 74.7%of the subjects were able to meet the recommendations of the World Health Organization,which was above the upper-middle level compared with the data reported by other countries.The "hot spots" of the outdoor physical activity space of the elderly mainly gather in the community and its surroundings,and most of the outdoor physical activities of the elderly are included within 500m from the home.(2)Objectively built environmental variables,street connectivity,distance to traffic stations,total length of per capita roads,distance to fitness and leisure places are conducive to promoting outdoor physical activity and health of the elderly;subjective completion of large-scale outdoor MVPA Environmental factors are followed by fitness places,entertainment places,and transportation stations.Relevant departments can optimize the above-mentioned favorable factors in the built environment by integrating and optimizing the urban community planning to alleviate the health hazards brought about by the aging of China's population.(3)The ranking of subjective and objective built environmental indicators is not the same,indicating that the actual objective quality of the built environment does not represent the subjective built environment quality of the elderly.To improve the quality of the subjective built environment of the elderly,on the one hand,it is necessary to improve the quality of the objective built environment;on the other hand,it is necessary to clarify the interaction between the subjective and objective built environment and explore the multiple factors that affect the subjective built environment assessment.(4)The density of residence has an important impact on the outdoor physical activity of the elderly.As the level of demand for the elderly increases,the outdoor physical activity will also be "quality" from the demand for the "reachability" of the destination to the aesthetics of the activity environment.Demand for improvement.