| The process of urbanization not only improves people's quality of life,but also changes people's living environment and lifestyle,making people face health problems such as chronic diseases,obesity,cognitive impairment,especially the elderly.According to the theory of health promoting social ecology,optimizing the built environment is an important means to improve health.However,the built-up environment of residential areas in China is facing unprecedented challenges,such as insufficient facilities and high population density.In view of this,this study based on the status quo of domestic community built environment,selected Nanjing as the urban sample,guided by the social ecological theory of health promotion,adopted the statistical methods of structural equation model,combined with GIS,GPS and three-dimensional accelerometer technology,and carried out in-depth and systematic analysis on the relationship between community built environment and the health status and physical activity of the elderly in order to provide effective decision-making suggestions for the implementation of"healthy China"strategy,and provide guidance for the construction of new community built environment or the transformation of old community built environment.Four main urban districts and one suburban area(Qixia District)in Nanjing were selected by multi-stage hierarchical sampling method.According to the geographical location,the communities were divided into marginal community and main urban community.The main urban community was further divided into traditional community,unit community and comprehensive community according to the construction age and nature.Eight districts were selected from each of the four types of communities.A total of 878 elderly people aged 60-80 were selected.Using actigraphgt3x+accelerometer to measure physical activity data,combined with GPS locator to determine the range of activity concentration,determine the buffer zone.According to the home addresses of valid samples,the objective built environment data within 500m were processed and analyzed by arcgis10.2 software and field survey,and then the self-rated health,cognitive function,chronic diseases and BMI index were investigated and classified.The results are as follows:1)(1)There are obvious differences in built environment,elderly health and physical activity among different types of communities,among which street connectivity,mixed land use,distance to bus stop,distance to sports facilities,number of sports facilities,types of sports facilities and area of sports facilities are the highest in marginal communities;building density,distance to leisure and entertainment,distance to commercial places are the highest in traditional communities The population density per unit community,the total length of roads per capita and the number of traffic stations are the highest.(2)From the ratio of reaching the recommended value of physical activity,the order is marginal community,comprehensive community,unit community and traditional community.(3)There are also great differences in built environment factors among the same type of communities.2)(1)Firstly,community built environment has a positive effect on the health of the elderly;community built environment has a positive effect on the physical activity of the elderly;physical activity has a positive effect on the health of the elderly;physical activity has a mediating role between built environment and health.(2)Among the factors of community built environment,the distance to traffic stations,street connectivity,the number of sports facilities and the distance to sports facilities have a direct impact on the health of the elderly,while the total length of roads per capita,the number of traffic stations and the distance to commercial places have an indirect impact on the health of the elderly through physical activity.The order of the influence degree of the built-up environment on the health of the elderly is the total length of roads per capita,the connectivity of streets,the distance to traffic stations,the number of sports facilities,the distance to sports facilities,the distance to business places and the number of traffic stations.3)Among the built-up environment factors in marginal communities,street connectivity has a direct impact on the health of the elderly,while the total length of roads per capita and the number of traffic stations have an indirect impact on the health of the elderly through physical activity;the order of the impact of built-up environment factors on the health of the elderly is the total length of roads per capita>the number of traffic stations>street connectivity.Among the factors of built environment in traditional communities,mixed use of land,distance to traffic stations and number of sports facilities have a direct impact on the health of the elderly,while physical activity has no intermediary effect between built environment and health;the order of the impact of built environment factors on the health of the elderly is mixed use of land>distance to traffic stations>number of sports facilities.Among the factors of built-up environment in unit community,the distance to leisure and entertainment places has a direct impact on the health of the elderly,and the total length of roads per capita has an indirect impact on the health of the elderly through physical activity;the order of the impact of built-up environment factors on the health of the elderly is the distance to leisure and entertainment places>the total length of roads per capita.In the comprehensive community-built environment factors,the total length of roads per capita has a direct impact on the health of the elderly,while the number of traffic stations and the distance to traffic stations have an indirect impact on the health of the elderly through physical activity;the order of the impact of built environment factors on the health of the elderly is the total length of roads per capita>the number of traffic stations>the distance to traffic stations.4)On the basis of exploring the effect path of community-built environment on the health of the elderly,this paper further constructs the community-built environment model to promote the health of the elderly,and constructs the built environment optimization model to promote the health of the elderly based on the edge,traditional,unit and comprehensive community types.In the organizational process,the model designs the stages of behavior health monitoring,organization monitoring,management monitoring,process evaluation,impact evaluation and result evaluation,which is a connecting link between the preceding and the following.The main factors of the built-up environment optimization model of marginal communities are the total length of roads per capita,the number of traffic stations and the connectivity of streets;the main factors of the built-up environment optimization model of traditional communities are the mixed use of land,the distance to traffic stations and the number of sports facilities;the main factors of the built-up environment optimization model of unit communities are the distance to leisure and entertainment places and the total length of roads per capita The main factors of community built environment optimization model are the total length of roads per capita,the number of traffic stations,and the distance to traffic stations.Only the mixed use of land has a negative impact on the health of the elderly,and the other indicators have a positive impact on health.Based on this,this paper puts forward the optimization strategies of built environment in different types of communities.It is suggested that the total length of roads per capita in marginal communities should be extended to 1.003 meters,the number of traffic stations should be increased to 8,and the street connectivity should be increased to 26/km~2;the distance between traditional communities and traffic stations should be increased to about 384.3meters,the number of bus stations should be increased to 7,and the mixed use of land should be reduced to 10;the distance between unit communities and places of entertainment should be increased to 301.4 meters,and the number of people should be extended The average length of roads increased to 1.438m;the average length of roads in comprehensive communities increased to 0.367m,the number of traffic stations increased to 10,and the distance to traffic stations increased to about 500m. |
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