A Study On The Relationship Between The Built Environment Of Urban Communities And The Health And Physical Activity Of The Elderly

Objective: At present,the situation of aging population in China is serious,and the health problem of the elderly has become a focus of multidisciplinary research.With the rapid development of urbanization and motorization in China,the changes brought about by the built environment have a significant impact on the health of the elderly.The daily activities of the elderly are mainly carried out in the community,so whether the built environment of the community is reasonable is closely related to the physical activities of the elderly.In addition,a large number of studies have shown that physical activity is an important way to affect the health of the elderly,but existing research around the built environment and the relationship between physical activity and the relationship between physical activity and health,lack of the research about the relation between the three,and physical activity in the built environment on the health effects of plays the role is unclear.In order to make up for the shortcomings of existing studies,this paper investigated the physical activity and health status of the elderly in some communities in Nanjing,combined with the built environment of the communities where the elderly lived,analyzed the impact of the built environment on the health of the elderly,and verified the mediating role of physical activity.Methods: by using the method of multistage stratified sampling,a convenience sample of Nanjing city,extract 32 community a total of 960 people over 60 years old as investigation object,using the method of questionnaire survey to collect the basic information of old people and health condition,using the Acti Graph GT3 X accelerometer and GPS measuring the physical activity of old people,and using GIS data to extract the built environment.Multiple linear regression,binary logistic regression,ordered multiple classification regression and structural equation model were used to analyze the effects of built environment on health and whether the model mediated by physical activity was valid.Results:1)The total length of road per capita had a negative effect on BMI of the elderly(?=-1.49,P <0.01),and the distance to fitness and leisure places had a negative effect on BMI of the elderly(B=-0.004,P <0.05);2)The number of traffic stops had a negative effect on the prevalence of chronic diseases in the elderly(B=-0.151,P<0.01),and the distance to fitness and leisure places had a negative effect on the prevalence of chronic diseases in the elderly(B=-0.002,P <0.05).3)The total length of road per capita had a positive effect on the elderly's self-assessment of health(B=0.744,P <0.05),and the number of traffic stops had a positive effect on the elderly's self-assessment of health(B=0.215,P <0.01).4)Building density had a positive effect on the total count of the elderly(B=310114.51,P <0.05);5)Street connectivity had a positive impact on the daily activity time of the elderly(B=2.434,P <0.05),and the distance to fitness and leisure places had a positive impact on the daily activity time of the elderly(B=0.167,P <0.05).6)The total road length per capita had a positive effect on the MVPA of the elderly(B=9.919,P <0.05);7)The results of structural equation model showed that the direct effect of built environment on the health of the elderly was 0.34,the indirect effect was 0.102,and the total effect was 0.442.Conclusion:1)The increase in the total length of roads per capita and the distance to fitness and leisure places in the built environment will help reduce the BMI of the elderly,and the increase in the number of traffic stations and the distance to fitness and leisure places will help reduce the risk of chronic diseases of the elderly.The increase in the total length of roads per capita and the number of traffic stations will help improve the health self-evaluation scores of the elderly.2)Building density,street connectivity,distance to fitness and leisure sites,and total road length per capita in the built environment respectively have a positive impact on the total count value,activity time and MVPA of physical activity for the elderly.3)The built environment has a positive role in promoting the health and physical activity of the elderly,and physical activity plays a part of the mediating role in the impact of the built environment on the health of the elderly.