Study On The Policy Implementation Of The Ethnic Minority High-level Backbone Talent Plan

The ethnic minority high-level backbone talent plan is a preferential policy for postgraduate enrollment launched by the state under the background of carrying out the strategy of western developm ent and vigorously developing ethnic education.The implementation of this policy has pl ayed an important role in improving the hierarchical structure and academic structure of ethnic minority talents in ethnic areas,ensuring equal access to higher educat ion for ethnic higher education,and promoting educational equity and social equity.We study the policy background and content structure,theoretical basis and core values,implementation dimensions and influencing factors,implementation effectiveness and existing problems of the project.We reflect on the nature and purpose of the policy,enrich the content of ethnic education policy research and promote the implementation of policy.In terms of it,it has certain theoretical and practical significan ce.Policy implementation is the process of transforming policy ideal into policy reality,so idealized policy is an important part of policy implementation.According to the policy text of the backbone plan and the circular process of policy implementation,we can divide the policy of the backbone plan into six aspects:admission policy,admission policy,training policy,employment policy,funding policy,management policy and supervision policy.Theoretically,the release of the backbone plan is the basi c embodiment of the socialist ethnic theory and ethnic policy with Chinese characteris tics in the field of ethnic education.It is also an important embodiment of the Chinese Communist Party's theory on ethnic equality and minority cadre training in th e field of ethnic education.The policy compensation for the disadvantaged groups of p ostgraduate education is conducive to achieving equal educational opportunities,ensuring the sustained and healthy development of ethnic education in China,and at t he same time promoting the improvement of the talent structure in ethnic areas and promo ting regional economic development.The project value and benefit value of the policy are fully reflected in the implementation process.T.B.Smith's policy process theory and model have important guiding value and applicability for the study of key plan po licy implementation.According to T.B.Smith's theory,the implementation process of the backbone plan policy has four dimensions,namely,the policy itself,the executi ng agency,the target group,and the policy environment.The four dimensions and their s econdary elements interact in the process of policy implementation,creating a “tension”.This tension in the implementation of the policy will inevitably affect the ef fectiveness of the implementation of the backbone plan policy,and therefore must be tar geted "handling",so that the tension that is not conducive to achieving policy objectives is transformed into a mitigation state.On the one hand,in the “handling”,if you find any steps,links,and factors that have problems,you need to “respond” and feedback in time.On the other hand,if we do not find any problems in the “handling” process,then we need to indirectly “feedback” and “response” through “establishment”.The implementation of the backbone plan policy is such a reciprocating process.We regard each execution result as the basis for policy re-enactment and re-improvement.Thus,the focus of the policy process returns to the policy formulation.This is th e implementation process of the backbone plan policy.Based on the execution model and basic dimensions of the backbone planning policy,this paper conducts an empirical study on the effectiveness and problems of policy implementation.Through the use of b ig data,interviews,questionnaires and other methods,the author believes that the impl ementation of the backbone plan for13 years(2006-2018),to a certain extent,reached policy expectations.The most typical results are: First,this policy enables peo ple of all ethnic groups to apply for postgraduate studies,and they all have graduate students of their own ethnic groups.Second,this policy has made the De'ang,the Shui,and other ethnic minorities have the first doctoral stude nt.Affected by various factors in the implementation process,there are also some problems in the implementation of the backbone pla nning policy.For example,the policy awareness is not high,the indicator allocation needs to be improved;the training program needs to be improved,the daily management needs to be strengthened;the students have greater learning pressure and the breach of contract is more prominent;Among them,the problem of student default rate and employment“selective defect” is an important factor affecting the implementation of policy.Although some students returned to the designated provinces,they rarely return ed to the grassroots ethnic areas.Even if some people returned to the grassroots ethnic areas,there was still a loss.Thi s status quo is far from the idealized policy goal.According to T.B.Smith's policy implementation theory,combined with the results of empirical research,the paper discusses the countermeasures for improving the implementation of the backbone plan policy from four dimensions:The policy itself.Efforts should be made to increase the awareness of the policy and to rationally allocate enrollment indicators.In the era of media integration,policy makers and policy implementers should further enrich their pr opaganda channels while building existing propaganda models,and build a three-dimensional information dissemination network to avoid the occurrence of policy deviations and policy misunderstandings.Policy makers should combine the population size,economic and social development,and talent reserve in various ethnic regions to rationally allocate indicators through legislation and hea rings.The backbone planning enrollment indicators should be gradually introduced to professional masters and doctors to cultivate applied high-level talents for ethnic areas.On the executive side.It is necessary to improve the corresponding training programs to adapt them to the needs of key personnel in the ethnic areas.Improve the curriculum,increase the basic intensive curriculum as appropriate,and adapt the backbone program students to the postgraduate study.Employment management should be strengthened,employment guidance should be carried out,employment supervision should be emphasized,and a full-scale graduate performance model should be established.According to the economic development needs of ethnic minority areas,the number of different levels and professional needs of each region and each unit shall be clarified,and the number of “orders” shall be established in colleges and universities to formulate enrollment plans,so as to solve the employment worries of “backbone plan” graduates and alleviate the problems.Employment pressure to reduce the status quo of default.Target group aspect.It is necessary to alleviate the pressure on students in study,research and employment,to solve the negative effects of lack of academic achievement and high employment expectations;to guide students to correctly recognize themselves and establish correct employment expe ctations;systematically carry out employment guidance activities and strive to Improve student employment competitiveness.Policy environment.Ethnic areas should do a good job in tracking and cultivating talents,improve personnel training facilities,an d integrate with ethnic education policies,so that the ethnic education policy can play a greater role in the implementation process;take measures to promote the demand and supply of minority talents.Balance and attract key graduates to return to wo rk to maximize policy goals and policy values.