A Study On The Effect Of Teacher Performance Pay Incentives On The Academic Performance Of Middle School Students In Rural Areas Of Northwest My Country

Human capital and education are one of the most important factors affecting national economic and social development.There are differences in the level of human capital between urban and rural areas in my country,which is prominently manifested in the quality of urban and rural education and teaching.Studies have shown that the academic performance of students is an important indicator to measure the quality of compulsory education.However,the academic performance of rural students lags far behind that of urban students,and there is also a gap in academic performance among rural students.Therefore,improving the academic performance of students in rural areas and improving the educational output of students in rural areas is directly related to the realization of the balanced development of compulsory education in my country,and affects the human capital reserves in rural areas and the country's future economic sustainable development.Research shows that teachers have an important influence on students' cognitive ability,learning level,academic performance and academic output.The "utline of the National Medium and Long-term Education Reform and Development Plan(2010-2020)"and the " Opinions of the State Council on Strengthening the Construction of Teaching Staff' both pointed out that "teachers are the key to developing rural compulsory education and running rural schools.However,in rural areas,teachers do not have enough enthusiasm to help every student,especially those with poor academic performance,due to factors such as energy and promotion.In order to mobilize the enthusiasm of teachers,enhance the professionalization of teachers,and improve the academic performance of students,my country began to implement a performance salary system for teachers in compulsory education schools in 2009.Regrettably,as of the 2015 survey,there are still some rural schools that have not implemented the performancebased wage policy.Even though some schools have implemented performance-based wages,they do not reflect the principle of play its motivational role.At present,many countries in the world have implemented teacher performance pay systems,including the United States,Australia,the United Kingdom,Israel,Mexico,Pakistan,India,etc.,indicating that the implementation of teacher performance pay systems can significantly improve students' academic performance.The study found that the implementation of the teacher performance pay system did not improve students academic performance.There are also a large number of researches in our country focusing on the teacher performance wage system.The research mainly focuses on the description of the current implementation of teacher performance wages,and puts forward the problems of the system and suggestions for improvement,but no effective policy recommendations are put forward,and there are few empirical studies.Based on this,this research used randomized controlled trails of the performance pay incentive program for middle school teachers in 2015,and collected survey data from 191 rural junior high schools,255 middle school math teachers,and 11743 students in the western rural areas.Randomly divide 255 middle school mathematics teachers into an intervention group and a control group,including 130 teachers in the intervention group.5948 students in 93 middle schools,125 teachers in the control group,5795 students in 98 middle schools.The 130 mathematics teachers in the intervention group accepted the intervention of performance-based salary incentives,and 66 students and 64 mathematics teachers were randomly selected according to the students' baseline academic level(first 1/3,middle 1/3,and last 1/3).And 58 principals conducted interviews.The specific research content includes:(1)Describe the current situation of the implementation of performance wages for middle school teachers in western rural areas;(2)Assessment the effect of teacher performance pay incentive on rural middle school students'academic performance;(3)Explore and analyze the influence mechanism of teacher performance pay incentive on middle school students' academic performance.The conclusions of this study include:(1)The implementation of the performance wage policy for middle school teachers in rural areas is not strong enough,and the classification of performance wages is not standardized.(2)The intervention of teacher performance wage incentives has no significant impact on the academic performance of middle school students in rural areas.and it has no effect on middle school students of different academic levels.(3)Through the research of the influence mechanism,it is found that the intervention of the middle school teacher's performance salary incentive breaks in the output link of the causal chain,that is,the intervention does not change the teacher's teaching behavior,and then affects the student's academic performance.(4)The reasons for the break of the causal chain are further analyzed through the interview results.The reasons for the break of the causal chain may be:first,teachers' inherent "student view" makes them lack the motivation to change teaching behavior;second,different teaching goals under the competitive education system Conflict leads to a "Crowding-out Effect",so that teachers in the intervention group have no strong motivation to explore new teaching methods.These may be the potential reasons for the failure of teacher performance salary incentive intervention.Based on the above conclusions,this research has the following recommendations:First,strengthen the attention to the quality of teachers and the development of rural human capital,especially the improvement of rural education and teaching quality and the level of human capital through the teacher performance wage system;secondly,it should be accelerated And improve the implementation and orderly implementation of the teacher performance salary system in rural areas,strengthen publicity and continue to implement the implementation,and implement teacher performance evaluation standards and performance evaluation methods based on student academic performance;third,improve and change the education and teaching concepts of middle school teachers And behaviors,and establish a performance salary evaluation system based on the percentile of student performance added value.In addition,when conducting research on teacherperformance salary incentive in the future,it is necessary to consider the influence of economic factors and non-economic factors at the same time,and the differences between teachers with different characteristics should be considered,and differentiated evaluation methods and incentive methods should be carried out.This research is an important measure to explore effective teacher performance incentives programs,and makes a meaningful attempt to continue to carry out performance pay incentive projects for middle school teachers in rural areas in the future.