Study On The Effect Of Mindfulness-based Physical Education On Students' Attention And Its Brain Mechanism

In 2019,the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued China's 2035 education Modernization,which laid out ten strategic tasks for the modernization of education,striving to realize the modernization of education in general and become an educational power by 2035.The revolution of teaching methods is the eternal theme of teaching research and the key to achieve educational modernization.Mindfulness has been widely spread in the field of western school education and rapidly become a popular teaching concept and method.The practice of mindfulness is also of enlightening significance to physical education in schools.Studies on the practice of mindfulness in physical education have been started abroad,and positive benefits have been obtained.A big driving force behind the mainstreaming of mindfulness is the growing number of studies that have found its beneficial effects on attention,which may be an effective way to both solve students' attention problems and reflect the function of school education.Attention is one of the essential characteristics of intellectual behavior and related to learning closely.It is a necessary condition for successful learning and plays a core role in the development of students' social psychology.However,the current situation of students' attention in teaching is not optimistic.Coupled with the interference of the Internet and mobile phone information,the reform of teaching methods to attract students' attention and cultivate students' interest has become a common problem in teaching.Tai Chi and yoga are popular sports programs in Chinese schools.They are physical and mental exercises based on mindfulness awareness and meditation,and they have advantages in enhancing cognitive function and improving attention.These two items are commonly used in the practice of mindfulness in the East.Therefore,this study adopted the tai chi and yoga class teaching,and into the practice of mindfulness,integrated use of psychology measurement,multimodal Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI),it into the physical education teaching of mindfulness practice on students pay attention to the influence of using the resting state functional MRI data,further explore the brain mechanism of mindfulness affect attention.In order to provide a path for the mindfulness intervention and physical education teaching reform and provide some evidence for the neural mechanism research of the mindfulness intervention.This paper includes the following three parts.Study 1: In the behavioral aspect,observe the influence of mindfulness practice on students' attention ability in physical education teaching.154 middle school,high school and college students were given 12 weeks(80 minutes/week)of mindfulness-based tai chi teaching to measure mindfulness level and attention skills(indicators of attention network test: alerting,orienting,executive control)before and after the intervention.Results show that after the intervention,middle school and high school subjects' alerting network effect size increased significantly(P(27)0.05),college subjects' orienting network effect size increased significantly(P(27)0.05);all subjects' executive control network effect size were increased significantly(P(27)0.05).Study 2: In terms of brain structure,the data of r-f MRI were collected and combined with behavior of attention,to explore the brain mechanism of mindfulness in physical education affecting attention.80 college students received 12weeks(80 minutes/week)of mindfulness-based yoga,Tai chi teaching interventions,and the changes of gray matter volume in the brain area before and after the intervention were observed by means of voxel-based morphometry(VBM).Results show that(1)executive control attention ability of mindfulness intervention groups and control group was significantly improved(P(27)0.05);(2)After intervention,the volume of gray matter in the middle temporal gyrus of the mindfulness-based yoga group was significantly reduced,while superior temporal gyrus in the mindfulness-based Tai Chi group was significantly decreased and cerebellum was increased.(3)Contrast between groups after intervention,the volume of gray matter in bilateral cerebellum posterior lobe of mindfulness yoga and exercise control group decreased significantly;right precentral gyrus in mindfulness yoga and control group significantly increased;left frontal inferior orbital gyrus in mindfulness yoga and mindfulness tai chi group significantly increased;left frontal inferior orbital gyrus in mindfulness tai chi and exercise control group significantly increased,as well as bilateral inferior semi-lunar lobule;bilateral superior motor area and right cerebellum posterior lobe in mindfulness tai chi and control group significantly increased,right inferior frontal gyrus significantly reduced;(4)There was a significant correlation between significant changes in gray matter volume in the middle temporal gyrus and significantly improved executive control in the mindfulness yoga group(r=0.577,P(27)0.05).Study 3: In terms of brain function,this paper discusses the brain mechanism of mindfulness practice affecting attention in P.E.Amplitude of low frequency fluctuations index was used to observe the changes of resting brain network.Results showed that(1)the activation of right frontal gyrus medial orbital and anterior cingulate cortex in the default network(DMN)of the mindfulness yoga group increased after intervention,while right angular gyrus and supramarginal gyrus in DMN,the ventral attention network(VAN)and the frontoparietal control network(FPN)of the mindfulness Tai Chi group decreased after intervention.(2)Contrast between groups after intervention,the activation of postcentral gyrus and inferior parietal in the somatomotor network and the dorsal attention network(DAN)of the mindfulness yoga and tai chi group decreased,left middle occipital gyrus and right cuneus in the visual network(VN)of yoga group and control group decreased,left precuneus in DMN and FPN of tai chi group and control group increased,right superior occipital gyrus and cuneus in VN of exercise control group and control group decreased.(3)There was a significant correlation between ALFF activation of the frontal gyrus medial orbital in DMN and the response time of ANT improvement in the attention network test(r=0.545,P(27)0.05).Conclusions:(1)mindfulness practice in physical education can improve students' attention ability,especially the executive control attention subnetwork.(2)Mindfulness practice in physical education affects the structure and function of attention-related brain areas in college students.It reduces the gray matter volume of temporal lobe,increases the cerebellum.It changes the activation of some brain regions in resting brain network: DMN,FPN,DAN,VAN,VN;(3)The improvement of mindfulness practice in physical education may be related to the structural and functional changes of attention-related brain regions.