Upward Social Mobility For Disadvantaged Groups:the Effects Of Three Types Of Educational Environment

"Upward social mobility for disadvantaged groups" is a more realistic and important academic question.Functionalists believe that schools play the role in generating class gaps,while the critical perspective that views schools might indeed reproduce or exacerbate some inequalities.Some researchers believe that the education system can make fairness.Other researchers focus on the influence of individual factors on social mobility.How to answer the question of "Upward social mobility for disadvantaged groups" ? The study intend to use a mixed research approach from the perspective of a complex system to comprehensively analyze how the family environment,school environment,and education system environment affect the educational attainment of the disadvantaged children.This research is mainly based on the data of "Beijing College Students Panel Survey(BCSPS)" and "PISA2018 Data",combined with qualitative materials,and designed four questions,trying to answer the three types of environments of family,school and system to affect the education attainment(Specifically refers to the entrance to universities of 211)of the disadvantaged children.To answer the question of research goal.The four interrelated issues are: first,taking Beijing 211 college students as the example,comparatively analyzing the characteristics of the family environment and school environment of the disadvantaged children,middle and high-level children.Second,compare the disadvantaged children of 211 and non-211 colleges,and analyze what kind of factors in the family environment and school environment are the key factors for the education attainment.Education is often the only way for disadvantaged children to achieve upward social mobility,so school stratification has an important impact.Therefore,based on the "PISA2018 data",the study designed two other questions: How does the education system affect school stratification? Which of the four types of education system is more conducive to the education attainment of disadvantaged children?Finding 1: The school environment plays a major role in the upward social mobility of disadvantaged children.Data analysis shows that almost all the disadvantaged children admitted to 211 colleges come from key high schools,and their professional choices and career intentions are not significantly different from those of middle and high class children.The analysis of the interview found that the school environment has an impact on the children of the high,middle and low classes,but it has a particularly great impact on the disadvantaged children.Finding 2: The humane environment of the school plays a decisive role in the education of disadvantaged children.The lack of family material and cultural conditions,failure to attend high-quality schools,and poor school humane environment are obstacles to obtaining education attainment for disadvantaged children.The school's humanistic environment is highly correlated with the education attainment of disadvantaged children.Finding 3: The education system and family action together affect school stratification.Through the analysis of PISA data,it is found that the level of education equity is reflected in school stratification.The level of education equity is not related to the level of economic development,educational excellence and inclusive education,but is related to the education system of elite and mass education and the input and distribution of educational resources.The stratification of urban and rural schools in China is mainly manifested in differences in teachers,the stratification of urban schools is mainly manifested in differences in students,and the result of stratification in schools is the difference in school advancement rates.The family action of the advantaged class has exacerbated school stratification and affected the education of disadvantaged children.Finding 4: The homogeneous education system in basic education schools is conducive to the education attainment of disadvantaged children.Based on PISA data,the analysis of four types of education systems found that: 1)an elite-popular education system with strict demarcation: school stratification and low education equity;2)an elite-popular education system without distinction: schools are not stratified,with high educational equity;3)A homogeneous education system for basic education schools: education resources are mainly invested in basic education,and high school schools begin to be stratified to reduce the impact of family socioeconomic status on education equity;4)Education system with decentralized investment in education: School stratification is affected by regional economic differences and family actions,and education is unfair.The characteristics of China's education system belong to the fourth category.The conclusion of this study is that the school environment,especially the human environment,has the most important effect on the educational attainment and upward social mobility of disadvantaged children;Therefore,in addition to paying attention to the material environment of the basic education school,the recommendation is to increase the investment in the construction of the school 's humanistic environment,including improving the teachers 'humanistic quality and professional ability;harmonizing the relationship between teachers and students and classmates.The school's humanistic environment needs a long time to accumulate.