| Reviewing the development history of a concept in a specific historical period is of great theoretical and practical significance for understanding and grasping the changes of social concepts.Ancient people regarded thirty years as a lifetime,and the situation will change accordingly.History has its own time period of evolution and rotation of the current situation.The last 30 years of the 20 th century is a critical period with historical significance,the context of times in social transition period has frequent changes,various ideological trends surge and alternate,and social individualization have become new characteristics of the times.If we look back at the evolution of social thoughts in this period from the perspective of the history of ideas,we can find a trend of gradual awakening of individual consciousness.The view of educational philosophy reminds us that human beings are the premise and object of education,while individuals are the premise and basis of human beings.Education must have an individual in its eyes.Chinese textbooks in specific historical times,like living fossils containing national spirit,have rich connotations and research value.This paper is a study of the history of micro-concepts,which takes individual concepts as the research object and Chinese textbooks as the research materials.In this study,we anchor the special historical period from 1978 to 2000,with the eyes of looking for "individual",we retrospectively enter the text world of Chinese textbooks of the year,re-excavate a historical stratum with cultural codes by means of knowledge archaeology,extract the core concept of "individual" from the discourse of the textbook in the perspective of the history of ideas,and sort out and summarize the evolutionary process of its occurrence and development.Guided by the theories of knowledge archaeology,history of ideas and history of general thought,the study adopts specific methods such as text analysis and discourse analysis to analyze the contents of textbooks.The study finds that the five sets of junior middle school Chinese textbooks compiled by PEP(People's Education Press)in this historical period show the trend of gradual awakening of individuals and the trend of individual concepts from vagueness to clarity.Specifically in two aspects: from the theme of the text,the content of expressing individual and country and collective gradually decreases,and the content of expressing individual and private domain concept gradually increases;from the image-building mode of the text,the mainstream image changes from tall image to ordinary image,the typical image from altruistic image to self-satisfied image,and the similar image from flat image to circular image.The image of ordinary people presents the state of individual existence.The appearance of the figures dedicated to the collective is gradually reduced,and the figure seeking for self is increased.Changes and adjustments in the structural character of textbooks also implicitly imply a tendency to focus more on the individual.At the same time,the text analysis shows that the concept view of the individual in the textbook is gradually clear,the individual's emotional space is gradually extended,and the individual's physical freedom is gradually released.Discourse analysis shows that there is an inherent tension between knowledge and power behind the discourse of editors and authors.The investigation of the interaction between text and subject illustrates the principle of individual concept generation from different perspectives.In the face of the historical mission of the new era,education should consciously guide individuals to enlightenment,and cultivate new individuals for the new era with moral cultivation as the fundamental task.This study is mainly composed of eight parts: introduction and seven chapters.The introduction contains three parts: one is to clarify the origin and significance of this study;the other is to sort out the key literature of relevant existing studies according to different research fields;the third is to define the core concepts in detail and delimit the basic categories of this study.The first chapter is the overview of the study of individual concepts.This paper expounds the three theoretical foundations as methodological guidance,namely,the theory of knowledge archaeology,the theory of concept history and the theory of general thought history.On the premise of reflecting on the development of social ideological trend,this paper puts forward the research question of "how individual concepts evolve in a specific historical period",and explains the basic ideas,logical structure and research framework of the study.The second chapter mainly reviews and elaborates two ways of modernity: the way of modernity of individual concept and the way of modernity of Chinese textbooks.Firstly,it traces the evolution of individual concept in the West and China,and recognizes the individual concept in the enlightenment of modern times.Then it explains the specific historical mission and enlightenment value of Chinese textbooks.Chapter three is mainly based on five sets of junior middle school Chinese textbooks,First,the presentation of individual ideas is investigated by descriptive study of the text theme and character image,and structural study of words and articles.Then,from the inside of the educational process to observe the position of the individual in the textbook,including the teaching syllabus and teaching plans to interpret the educational text.Then in the above analysis summarizes the state of the individual from being covered to awakening,and the trend of the individual concept from fuzzy to clear.Chapter four continues to survey the initiation of individuals in textbooks,aiming at the conceptual view,emotional space and body freedom of individuals with text analysis method.First,from the perspective of discipline,the concept of individual is explained,the abstract concept of individual is analyzed into concrete connotation,and the existence of individual emotion and body in textbooks is examined,and the trend of individual emotion space is proved to be broad and the body is gradually extended.The fifth chapter,on the basis of the previous content analysis and text analysis,goes behind the stage of textbooks and analyzes the roles and discourse logic of editors and authors through discourse analysis,trying to reveal the relationship between power and knowledge behind the text narration of textbooks.The sixth chapter mainly examines the internal relationship between Chinese textbooks and individual interaction from different perspectives.Firstly,it examines the process of students' subjective consciousness and individual concept in the process of accepting textbooks from the perspective of acceptance theory;secondly,it analyses how the image-building of textbooks and the enhancement of teachers shape students' individual concept from the perspective of mirror theory.Finally,from the perspective of Constructivism theory,the influence of the change of textbook content and teachers' teaching methods on the shaping of individual concepts is analyzed.Chapter Seven is the concluding remark.Firstly,it analyses the political strategy behind knowledge production from the perspective of the relationship between knowledge and power;secondly,it examines the interaction between social structure changes and social individualization from the perspective of modernity,finally,it draws the conclusion that education should lead individuals to enlightenment,promote individual awakening,At the same time,it points out that the new era calls for new individuals,and the enlightenment of individuals should be combined with education,the state and society,and the theory of "respect for individuals" and the practice of "Shuai Xing Education"(spontaneous education)should be taken as the positive response of education,so as to establish morality and cultivate people for the new era.The innovation of this study lies in the unique perspective.It can be regarded as a small specimen in the study of the history of concepts-to restore a history of micro-concepts rarely touched(especially the history of concepts in the turning period).In itself,it is a novel and important study.Focusing on individual concepts through the prism of Chinese textbooks is also a special and ingenious approach. |
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