Research On China's Urban-rural Economic Integration From The Perspective Of Yield Convergence

Throughout the history of economic development of all countries in the world,it is not easy for traditional economic countries to transform into modern countries.Except for a few countries such as Japan and South Korea,which have successfully stepped into the developed countries,most developing countries are still unable to realize the successful transformation of dual economic structure.The advanced,modern urban economy and backward,traditional agricultural economy coexist for a long time.After China has entered the stage of high-quality development from the stage of high-speed growth,the imbalance and social contradictions caused by the urban-rural economic gap have become increasingly prominent.It is an important task to analyze the deep-seated reasons of the urban-rural economic gap and explore the ideas of urban-rural integration development in the new era.The micro basis of urban and rural economic development is the optimization of the allocation of production factors.The flow of production factors from the economic sectors with low factor returns to the economic sectors with high returns helps to improve the efficiency of resource allocation and enhance the competitive advantage of the economic sectors.However,there is still a debate on the impact of the imbalance of urban and rural economic development.It is the free flow of production factors that ultimately leads to the economic gap between urban and rural areas It is also the possible "polarization effect" and "increasing effect of scale benefit" caused by the free flow of factors that lead to the unbalanced development of urban-rural economic gap.This paper analyzes this process from the perspective of the change of the factor return rate of the two sectors.Firstly,it combs the process of the change of the factor return rate in the process of urban-rural economic integration,and analyzes the theoretical logic of the final convergence of the factor return rate of the two sectors.Since the separation of urban and rural areas,urban and rural economic sectors have been engaged in extensive and low-efficiency production of internal basic elements of the sector;in the opposite stage of urban and rural areas,urban non-agricultural economic sectors have more demand for many production elements than their own internal ownership,and higher factor yield continues to attract the production elements of agricultural economic sectors,and urban and rural economic factor yield continues to converge.At the stage of urban-rural integration,after the change of the environment of production factors in the agricultural economic sector,the conditions of agricultural production have changed,which is conducive to the upgrading of the agricultural industry.Specifically,the reduction of labor force is conducive to the deepening of capital in the agricultural economic sector,and the advantages of material capital and human capital investment are realized.By increasing the investment in material capital and human capital,the productivity of the agricultural economic sector is improved,To achieve the convergence of the rate of return on production factors in urban and rural economic sectors.Based on the perspective of urban and rural economic development system,the development level of the two economic sectors depends on the combination and efficiency of production factors.Select the production factors such as labor force,material capital and human capital that affect the economic development of urban and rural areas,establish the factor yield model of urban and rural economic sectors,measure the factor yield of the two economic sectors and make a convergence judgment.The empirical results show that:first,China’s urban and rural economic sectors have a convergence of material capital return rate,the return rate of labor and human capital has been greatly improved in the inspection period,but there is no obvious trend of urban and rural convergence,indicating that the gap between the return rate of labor and human capital will affect the future development of urban and rural economic integration.Second,the divergence of the rate of return on labor and human capital indicates that the non-agricultural economic sectors have greater demand for such factors of production or higher efficiency in these factors of production sectors.The free flow of factors of production leads to more serious imbalance between urban and rural areas.The integration of urban and rural economy needs to rely on the flow of factors of production to establish the mechanism of agricultural economic development,including improving the level of urbanization and creating The financial environment of agriculture and the education level of rural residents.Finally,from the perspective of the convergence of factor returns,the paper puts forward reasonable policy design and suggestions to promote the free transfer of urban and rural factors,the upgrading of agricultural industry to promote the development of rural economy,and realize the integration of urban and rural economy in China.First,further relax the dual system,promote the optimal allocation of urban and rural production factors,and use household registration reform,land reform and education reform to promote the free flow of labor,material capital and human capital and other production factors;second,improve the level of agricultural modernization,increase investment in agricultural fixed capital,human capital and science and technology,so as to realize the capital intensive and technology intensive agriculture Third,give full play to the main role of the government.On the one hand,in the process of economic development,we should balance the investment in urban and rural infrastructure construction,ensure that the quantity and quality of public services such as rural education,medical care,health,social security,culture and sports can not be lower than that of cities and towns,and ensure the equalization of employment opportunities of urban and rural residents from policies and systems.On the other hand,we should systematically plan the Rural Revitalization Strategy and issue supporting policies,support the industrial revitalization with fiscal,taxation and scientific and technological policies,carry out vocational farmers’ education policies to realize the revitalization of talents,tap rural cultural resources to support the revitalization of rural culture,issue corresponding laws and regulations to protect the good rural ecological environment to promote the ecological revitalization,stimulate the motivation of grass-roots organizations and realize the grassroots level Organizational revitalization.To sum up,only the free flow of production factors and the upgrading and development of internal industries in the economic sector can achieve the convergence of factor return in urban and rural economic sectors.Focusing on the convergence of factor return in the two economic sectors can solve the problem of improving the efficiency of resource allocation and will not lead to the unbalanced development of non-agricultural economic sectors.In this process,the economic gap between urban and rural areas is an objective law,but we need to adapt to the changes of factor endowment and structure to build an effective market and a promising government,and promote the development of urban and rural economic integration.