| Nowadays,enterprises need to meet more diverse market demands in the circumstance of dynamic market and especially the emphasis on user desire experience makes market segmentation more refined.For the same type of product,small differences between user experiences might directly lead to the loss of market share.At the meantime,enterprises are faced with shorter innovation cycle.R&D departments have to be proficient in developing high-quality ideas and quickly transform them into product concepts with market value then they can create unique competitive advantages for enterprises.Besides,with the popularity of intelligent internet and the wide infiltration of social media,user's individual initiative ability has been greatly improved.As end users of new products,users have great innovative value for enterprises to develop and improve new product concepts.Because they use the network to express demands and willingness,provide market information,solutions to potential problems and relative ideas,which are needed for new product development.Under such background,more and more enterprises create open resource innovation platforms to absorb more decentralized and diverse innovative users,and integrate their unique consumption experiences,knowledge,technologies,and innovation ability with enterprise's internal resources.It has become the key to enterprises to implement innovative strategies in response to dynamic market by investing user's individual knowledge into community collective knowledge and further transforming the output into a strategic model of knowledge innovation that meets enterprise's target value.Therefore,in the new economic environment,because of the turbulent and intense competitive environment in intelligent internet-era,rapidly changing market demands,diversified consumption behaviors,and upgraded user experience demands,enterprises have to carry out organizational changes,build open resource innovation platforms and keep zero distance contact with users.They also must change traditional,independent,closed innovation model into open model that can effectively integrate all kinds of superior resources and realize the value of enterprises and uses.So in recent years,user's participation in the knowledge creation at the front-end innovation procedure of development of new products has become a research focus of academia and practice circle.Motivating users to join the knowledge creation in front-end innovation procedure of new product development is one of the important channels for enterprises to efficiently use external resources to introduce new knowledge,which can effectively overcome the knowledge weakness of enterprise's market demand,increase the heterogeneity of enterprise internal knowledge.The mutual agitation and collision of internal and external knowledge creatively solve various problems of front-end innovation procedure and increase the chance of market opportunity identification.But at the same time,the unconventionality,uncertainty and ambiguity of front-end innovation procedure make users more difficult to participate.In addition,the essence of user's participation in front-end innovation is the integration and transformation of cross-organizational knowledge.The influence of user's own demands,product knowledge,creation ability and other factors also further increase the complexity of their participation.Therefore,enterprises need to provide suitable participating platforms for users,reasonably optimize resource allocation,create an active user participating atmosphere,timely coordinate innovative behaviors between users and enterprises,users and users,maximize the enthusiasm of users to participate in front-end innovation,improve user's creation ability and increase the chances of successful new product development.As a resource innovation platform with typical open characteristic in intelligent internet era,The On-line User Innovation Community(OUIC)breaks traditional restrictions to directly connect enterprises with users.Its high efficiency and innovativeness make it become an important innovation platform for enterprises to use external resources to gain the success of front-end innovation.In the OUIC,user's participation in the knowledge creation of front-end innovation procedure is not only different from the innovation behavior of open source in software program development,but also is not equivalent to social activities of brand community to enhance customer brand loyalty.The aim is to generate rich and potentially market-worthy user ideas through user engagement in online interactions and turn ideas into product concepts with potential market value.In the OUIC,due to the special requirements of high creativity in front-end innovation procedure,community users must be given a high degree of freedom and independent front-end execution activities.But meanwhile,user's innovation behaviors are relatively open and uncontrollable and they will produce various ideas.Restricted by company strategies and resources,most ideas might not accord with enterprise's target value,which means not all user innovation behaviors are beneficial to enterprise's knowledge creation activities,and only the ideas that meet the common interests of users and enterprises have potential market value.Therefore,enterprises will face a key problem when they build and manage the OUIC: how to inspire user's innovation behaviors according to enterprise's strategic target and resources and generate knowledge creation outcomes which are good for enterprises? Under this background,In the process of user knowledge creation,the main research direction of this research is how to choose the resources matching with the enterprise to create knowledge,and further guide the user's knowledge creation ability.The main content of this study: The paper chooses the OUIC of home appliance industry with certain high-tech information support as the research background,Based on the perspective of enterprise's guidance for user's innovation behaviors,Introduction of Ideation Portfolio Management(IPM)as an important research variable,supported by information transmission theory,organizational learning theory,knowledge management theory and trust theory,the dynamic vertical research method is used to study the application and management problems in knowledge creation process of the OUIC front-end innovation procedure with user engagement.The comprehensive and systematic study involved multi-subjects,multi-stages,multi-angles,multi-disciplinarians:(1)Through the literature review of information transmission theory,organizational learning theory,knowledge management theory and trust theory,front-end innovation procedures of new product development and relative research variables of the OUIC,current research veins and development path is clarified.Extant research achievements and controversies are analyzed to establish a solid theory basis for follow-up researches.(2)Through the elaboration and collation of existing literature,combined with the theoretical framework of this study,rigorously deduced,put forward research hypothesis,built a theory model in new economy for users to participate knowledge creation of the OUIC front-end innovation procedure.(3)Qualitative research methods such as literature review,focus group interviews,case content analysis were used to determine the situational experimental materials,research variables measurement scale and the steps of situational experiments.Spss22.0,Amos22.0 and other statistical software were used to analyze the sample data collected from three situational experiments.The theory model and research hypothesis were verified,then the research conclusion was drawn.(4)Summarized and discussed the main research results,put forward the theoretical significance and practical enlightenment of this study on the basis of the research conclusions,and the limitations of the research are summarized as well as the prospects for further research in the future.The main conclusions of this study are as follows:(1)In the process of users participating in the OUIC front-end innovation knowledge creation,different creative theme publishing modes will have a different impact on users' choice of learning path.Regarding B-side creative theme(enterprise-led publishing),users tend to choose exploitative learning;In terms of C-side creative theme(user-led publishing),users tend to choose exploratory learning.(2)Whether users choose exploratory learning or exploitative learning will have a significant positive effect on user's knowledge creation ability.(3)User's knowledge creation ability have a significant positive relationship with front-end innovation performance;And that,enterprise carry out ideation portfolio management plays a significant positive regulation role in the relationship between user's knowledge creation ability and front-end innovation performance.(4)The determination of best introducing time of ideation portfolio management(IPM)in the OUIC front-end innovation procedure.User participation in the process of knowledge creation in the OUIC Front-end Innovation,Compared with the front-end innovation without IPM,whether it is the B-side creative theme(enterprise-led publishing),or the C-side creative theme(user-led publishing),Enterprise carry out ideation portfolio management(IPM)can positively promote the relationship between User's knowledge creation ability and front-end innovation performance;In the B-side creative theme(enterprise-led publishing),compared with idea development stage(the second stage)of front-end innovation procedure,introducing IPM at idea generating stage(the first stage)can better improve user's knowledge creation ability and front-end innovation performance;In the C-side creative theme(user-led publishing),compared with idea generating stage(the first stage)of front-end innovation procedure,introducing IPM at idea development stage(the second stage)can better improve user's knowledge creation ability and front-end innovation performance.(5)To further validate the best introducing time of IPM in front-end innovation procedure,function curves were drew between user's creation ability and front-end innovation performance under different Creative theme of publishing modes and different introducing times of IPM at front-end innovation procedure.By comparing the characteristics of the function curve,we can compare the difference between user's knowledge creativity and previous innovation performance,and then determine the best import timing of IPM.In the process of users participating in the OUIC front-end innovation knowledge creation,in the B-side creative theme(enterprise-led Publishing,when introducing IPM at the idea generating stage(the first stage)of front-end innovation,with the enhancement of user's knowledge creation ability,the front-end innovation performance improves,the function curve between user's knowledge creation ability and front-end innovation performance is nonlinear,and the marginal utility increases;when introducing IPM at the idea development stage(the second stage)of front-end innovation procedure,with the enhancement of user's knowledge creation ability,the front-end innovation performance improves,the function curve between user's knowledge creation ability and front-end innovation performance is nonlinear,but the marginal utility decreases.In the C-side creative theme(user-led publishing),when introducing IPM at idea development stage(the second stage)of front-end innovation procedure,with the enhancement of user's knowledge creation ability,the front-end innovation performance improves,the function curve between user's knowledge creation ability and front-end innovation performance is nonlinear,and the marginal utility increases;when introducing IPM at idea generating stage(the first stage)of front-end innovation procedure,the function curve between user's knowledge creation ability and front-end innovation performance is nonlinear,but the marginal utility decreases.The main innovation points of this study: firstly,On the basis of previous research results on users' participation in enterprise product innovation,it is proved that different creative theme publishing modes(B-side creative theme or C-side creative theme)have different effects on user's choice of learning methods in the process of users' participation in the OUIC front-end innovation.The conclusion of this study,to a certain extent,clearly reveals the difference of path systems in the OUIC user's front-end innovation knowledge creation.In the B-side creative theme(enterprise-led Publishing),users tend to choose exploitative learning,so enterprises can guide community users to focus on the development of core subsystems of new products;In the C-side creative theme(user-led publishing),users tend to choose exploratory learning,so enterprises can guide community users to focus on the development of surrounding subsystems of new products.Clear the path mechanism of users to improve their knowledge creativity in virtual environment,and provide a new research perspective for enterprises to efficiently use limited resources and select matching resources for focused product knowledge innovation.Secondly,based on the perspective of guiding users' innovation behavior by enterprises,the concept of creative portfolio management(IPM)is introduced to discuss the role of enterprises in the process of users' participation in the OUIC front-end innovation knowledge creation,and further verify its moderating role between users' knowledge creativity and front-end innovation performance.In the OUIC,because user's innovation behaviors are relatively open and uncontrollable and enterprise internal resource is limited,not all user innovations accord with enterprise's strategic target and expected value and enterprises must moderately guide user's innovation behaviors.However,too much participation or too little attention by enterprises will have a negative impact,and reasonable moderation is essential.The research conclusion proves that in the process of users participating in the OUIC front-end innovation knowledge creation,the implementation of IPM by enterprises plays a positive role in moderating the relationship between user's knowledge creativity and front-end innovation performance.This result complements the previous research results to some extent,and provides theoretical support and practical enlightenment for determining the management role of enterprises in the OUIC and user knowledge management.Thirdly,Identified the best intervention time of management in front-end innovation procedure in the OUIC.This research drew the function curves between user's knowledge creation ability and front-end innovation performance according to the introducing stage of IPM at front-end innovation procedure and different creation theme of publishing models.The result of study shows that: In the B-side creative theme(enterprise-led Publishing),idea generating stage(the first stage)of front-end innovation procedure is the best introducing time of IPM;In the C-side creative theme(user-led publishing),idea development stage(the second stage)of front-end innovation procedure is the best introducing time of IPM.The result of study reveals the internal mechanism of the formation of the knowledge creation ability of high(low)front-end users in the OUIC,profoundly understands the dynamic vertical change process of front-end innovation performance,and provides valuable enlightenment for enterprises to manage community users. |
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