The Poverty Reduction Effect Of Rural Finance In China

Poverty is a common social problem in all countries of the world,and poverty is particularly prominent in developing countries.Relieving and eliminating poverty is the common responsibility and pursuit of the international community.As the largest developing country in the world,China has achieved brilliant achievements in rural anti-poverty after more than 30 years of poverty alleviation and development.Since the 18 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,China has successfully achieved a stable poverty alleviation of 55.64 million people.The incidence of poverty has also dropped from 10.2% in 2012 to 4.5% at the end of 2016.According to the new rural poverty standard,the rural poor population is about From 1.28 billion to 55.75 million,the poverty alleviation work has achieved remarkable results.At the same time,it is gratifying that the Chinese government has set an ambitious goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way by 2020 and all the poor people will be lifted out of poverty,ten years ahead of the UN's 2030 Sustainable Development Goals.Although China's poverty alleviation strategy continues to advance,the overall level of China's economic and social development is still not high.The deep-seated contradictions that restrict the development of poverty-stricken areas and poverty-stricken people still exist.China's poverty alleviation,especially in rural areas,still has a long way to go."The rate of poverty reduction is declining,and the phenomenon of returning to poverty and poverty alleviation is intertwined.Absolute poverty and relative poverty are still relatively prominent.The Chinese government has always attached great importance to rural poverty.Especially since the implementation of the precise poverty alleviation strategy,the Chinese government has issued a series of policies to promote poverty alleviation.On April 30,2015,General Secretary Xi Jinping's speech at the 22 nd collective study of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee pointed out that the most difficult and arduous task in building a well-off society in an all-round way is in rural areas,especially in rural poverty-stricken areas.We must work hard,increase financial input,and strive to make major breakthroughs in coordinating urban-rural relations.In particular,we must make major breakthroughs in cracking urban-rural dual structure,promoting equal exchange of urban and rural elements,and balanced allocation of public resources,and injecting rural development.The new impetus enables the broad masses of peasants to participate in the reform and development process on an equal footing and enjoy the fruits of reform and development.Therefore,it is very important to explore the poverty reduction effect of rural fiscal revenue and expenditure in China.Based on the data of China's household tracking survey,this paper studies rural poverty from the perspective of fiscal revenue and fiscal expenditure.By constructing the mechanism of rural fiscal revenue and fiscal expenditure in rural poverty,empirical research methods are used to verify the poverty reduction effect of rural fiscal revenue and rural fiscal expenditure.Furthermore,it analyzes the impact mechanism of rural fiscal revenue and rural fiscal expenditure on rural poverty.The specific content of this paper is mainly divided into the following eight chapters:The first chapter introduces the background and significance of this topic.Through the background introduction and research review of this chapter,it paves the way for the discussion of this article.The second chapter is about the concepts and theories related to rural finance and poverty.Firstly,the important concepts of rural fiscal revenue,rural financial expenditure and rural poverty are defined,and the meaning of relevant concepts in the context of this paper is clarified.Secondly,it analyzes the theory of rural finance and poverty,and conducts a review based on the actual situation discussed in this paper.The third chapter is about the status quo and related analysis of rural finance and rural poverty in China.The first section mainly analyzes the evolution process of China's finance,especially rural finance.At the same time,this chapter analyzes the needs of rural finance and the supply of rural finance,points out the current situation and shortcomings of rural finance,and then provides a reference for the analysis of rural finance poverty reduction.The second section is mainly about the introduction of the current situation of rural poverty in China.The number of poor people has been declining year by year,but the scale is still large,the poverty surface is gradually narrowing,the distribution of poverty population is increasingly concentrated,and the anti-risk ability of poverty-stricken population is weak.Seriously,the rural residents' internal income gap has been widening,and the relative poverty has become increasingly prominent.The four aspects of rural poverty are summarized and summarized.And pointed out the analysis of the poverty-stricken factors of rural poverty in China.The third section analyzes the relationship between rural finance and rural poverty,and mainly uses descriptive analysis to show the relationship between the two.In the fourth chapter,this chapter mainly tests the poverty reduction analysis of rural poverty in rural China.This chapter is the core chapter of this paper.The study found that whether using 1 US dollar per day as a poverty standard or 2 US dollars a day as a poverty standard,the incidence of rural finance and poverty,poverty depth and poverty intensity are lower than those without rural fiscal revenue and expenditure.At the same time,at the level of rural fiscal revenue,regardless of the indicators selected by the poverty line,the villagers' contributory income,collective economic income and transfer income are significantly negatively correlated with the incidence of poverty,poverty intensity and poverty depth.The correlation coefficient between payment and poverty incidence and poverty depth is greater,and the correlation coefficient between collective economic income and poverty depth is greater.At the level of rural fiscal expenditure,whether rural poverty rate or poverty depth and poverty intensity are used to measure rural areas Poverty and rural fiscal expenditure have a significant negative correlation with them.The negative correlation coefficient between investment fiscal expenditure and rural poverty is the largest,while the negative correlation coefficient between productive fiscal expenditure and rural poverty is relatively small.In addition,both rural fiscal revenue and rural fiscal expenditure can significantly reduce the incidence of rural poverty,poverty depth and poverty intensity.After the robustness test and the instrumental variable method,rural finance still has a significant “poverty reduction effect”.The fifth chapter analyzes the mechanism of rural finance affecting rural poverty in China.This chapter first constructs the relationship between rural finance and rural economic growth and rural finance and rural infrastructure.On this basis,regression tests are conducted.This chapter finds that rural finance plays a positive role in rural economic growth and rural infrastructure.The more rural fiscal revenues and expenditures,the faster rural economic growth and the more perfect rural infrastructure construction.At the same time,this chapter finds that rural economic growth and rural infrastructure have played a significant negative role in rural poverty.That is to say,the higher the rural economic growth,the better the rural infrastructure,the incidence of rural poverty,the depth of rural poverty and rural poverty.The lower the intensity.Further research has found that rural finance,through rural economic growth and rural infrastructure,acts on rural poverty,that is,rural economic growth and improved rural infrastructure are important channels for rural finance to reduce poverty.The sixth chapter is the experience of rural anti-poverty in typical countries.Combining the policies and measures of rural anti-poverty in developing countries(India and Brazil)and developed countries(Italy and the United States),it is pointed out that rural areas in China should do the following: adapt to local conditions and choose anti-poverty path suitable for national conditions;Poverty alleviation system;rational planning,implementation of anti-poverty policies in stages;hardware support,strengthening infrastructure construction in poverty-stricken areas;software upgrading,focusing on the cultivation of poverty-stricken subjects;sustainable development,scientific development of poverty alleviation and development projects;seeking truth from facts,correct understanding of poverty alleviation Long-term and difficult.The seventh chapter is to give play to the policy recommendations for the role of rural finance in reducing poverty in China.Combined with the aforementioned rural poverty situation and rural finance poverty reduction and a series of problems,this chapter attempts to propose a top-level design plan from the perspective of optimizing rural finance.