| For a long time,the issue of "poverty" has been a key research topic for scholars in many academic areas at home and abroad.When a country or region has a large proportion of the poor population,its internal economic growth will be negatively affected,and in extreme cases its foundation of social stability will be even shaken.As a socialist country,China has also faced poverty for a long time.Comrade Deng Xiaoping once said that poverty is not socialism."The essence of socialism is to liberate productive forces,develop productive forces,eliminate exploitation,eliminate polarization,and ultimately achieve common prosperity." For China,which is following the path of characteristic socialism,it has the institutional advantage of concentrating its strengths on major tasks.How to concentrate the efforts of all parties in the country to eradicate poverty is very urgent for maintaining the stability of grassroots society and promoting coordinated regional development.It is also the true meaning of achieving common prosperity.However,eliminating poverty is a worldwide problem that has been faced at all times in all countries.Since the reform and opening up,China has achieved rapid economic development for many years.At the same time,governments at all levels in the country have worked together to tackle the problem of poverty,and gradually enabled most areas to achieve poverty alleviation.2019 is the year of poverty alleviation,and 2020 is the year to achieve the goal of being well-off in an all-round way put forward by the General Secretary in 2015.And this requires that the poverty alleviation work must be completed in an all-round way.On the one hand,it is necessary to supervise the battle in a small number of areas in the country that fall into the "poverty trap",especially ethnic minorities and remote mountainous areas,so as to successfully accomplish the task of poverty elimination.On the other hand,it is necessary to consolidate the poverty alleviation achievements in the poverty-stricken areas.The pressure has not been reduced,but has become more difficult.From July 2020 to January 2021,the national poverty alleviation census was carried out in all 832 national poverty counties(collectively referred to as national poverty counties),as well as 100 non-poverty counties in the central and western regions,confirming that China has won an all-round victory in the fight against poverty.However,the realization of the goal of getting rid of poverty is only the elimination of poverty in the absolute sense,the problem of social poverty will still exist and will continue in new forms and characteristics,and the common prosperity of the whole society still needs the concerted efforts of the government and the people.Summarizing our country's long-term poverty reduction work experience,it can be concluded that the fiscal expenditures of the central and local governments at all levels have played a key role in solving the poverty problem.Take 2020,the final year of poverty reduction as an example,by the end of July,in 52 poverty counties listed to supervise,the total fiscal expenditures at all levels reached 33.8 billion,an increase of 13% year-on-year.As our country's socialist construction enters a new era,how it is of great and far-reaching significance to stabilize the results of poverty alleviation fight against the background of the victory of the existing all-round poverty alleviation campaign,and continue to ensure the financial investment in poverty alleviation work in the future and maximize its poverty alleviation effect.This paper studies rural poverty and poverty reduction from the perspective of rural fiscal expenditure,studies the mechanism of rural fiscal expenditure on rural poverty,and comprehensively describes the principle of rural financial poverty reduction by distinguishing income effect and welfare effect.On the one hand,we construct a theoretical model that reflects the relationship among fiscal expenditure,economic growth and rural poverty,and use empirical research methods to verify the income effect of fiscal expenditure on rural poverty.On the other hand,the rural social welfare index is constructed to measure the rural social welfare index through the welfare function,and fiscal expenditure on poverty reduction in rural areas is reflected from the index change,at the same time,from the micro level,a case study is carried out in the face of the poverty reduction effect of fiscal expenditure in Guizhou Province.The main research contents of this paper are as follows.The first chapter is the definition of the concept and the theoretical combing.This paper systematically expounds the research background and significance of this paper,determines the research ideas and methods combined with the existing research results,makes a clear definition of poverty and fiscal expenditure,and determines the connotation of poverty reduction effect.it also combs the poverty theory from the theoretical point of view of public goods and public finance,welfare economics,public goods theory,development economics and so on.And then,it gives the theoretical analysis and mechanism analysis of the effect of fiscal expenditure on rural poverty alleviation based on economic growth and income redistribution.The second chapter reviews and summarizes the development process of our country's rural poverty reduction since the reform and opening up,clearly outlines the role and role of the Chinese government in the cause of poverty reduction,and analyzes the deep-seated causes of our country's rural poverty;then,our country's fiscal poverty reduction The specific situation of expenditure is sorted out,and then the poverty standard line and poverty measurement method are discussed,and based on this,the FGT index of rural poverty in our country is obtained,which provides data preparation for the empirical study later;finally,based on the changes in the poverty population in our country and the analysis of the characteristics it provides a realistic basis for finding a realistic basis for fiscal expenditure policies and the direction of future adjustments.Chapter Three to Six is the part of empirical analysis.Among them,the third and fourth chapters analyze the income effect of fiscal expenditure on poverty reduction.According to whether different types of fiscal expenditure directly increase farmers' income and distinguish between direct poverty reduction effect and indirect poverty reduction effect,we first study the direct impact of the scale and structure of fiscal expenditure on people's livelihood on farmers' poverty,and then analyze their indirect impact on rural poverty based on the scale and structure of total fiscal expenditure,economic fiscal expenditure,agricultural expenditure and infrastructure expenditure.On this basis,we evaluate the contribution of all kinds of fiscal expenditure to rural poverty,so as to provide a realistic basis for the adjustment of fiscal expenditure policy in the future.The fifth chapter analyzes the poverty reduction effect of fiscal expenditure from the perspective of welfare effect.Based on the analysis of the improvement of rural welfare level in China,this paper measures the welfare effect of poor rural areas in China.It also makes an empirical analysis on the welfare index and fiscal expenditure data in order to analyze whether rural fiscal expenditure is conducive to the improvement of farmers' welfare level and achieve the effect of poverty reduction.The sixth chapter takes Guizhou as an example to analyze the poverty reduction effect of the policy of financial support for agriculture,using the method of questionnaire survey to analyze the poverty reduction effect of all kinds of fiscal expenditure in rural areas.The conclusions of the empirical analysis are as follows:The direct effect of fiscal expenditure on poverty reduction is based on the financial expenditure of people's livelihood,which is found to have a direct positive effect on poverty alleviation of rural poor groups,however,there are some differences in the effect of different financial expenditure on people's livelihood in promoting rural poverty alleviation.The analysis of the direct poverty reduction effect of the provincial data on the rural livelihood financial expenditure in various areas of China shows that the rural livelihood financial expenditure has significantly reduced the rural poverty level,and rural education financial expenditure,rural medical and health financial expenditure and rural social relief financial expenditure all have significant poverty reduction effects.In addition,the poverty reduction effect of rural livelihood fiscal expenditure increases successively in the eastern,central and western regions,and the threshold effect test results show that the poverty reduction effect is stronger when the scale of rural livelihood fiscal expenditure is larger;when the scale of rural medical and health expenditure and rural social relief expenditure does not reach the threshold level,the poverty reduction effect is not significant.The indirect effect of fiscal expenditure on poverty reduction is based on the point of view that fiscal expenditure promotes economic growth and then poverty reduction,so it is divided into two stages.The first stage is to confirm the effect of fiscal expenditure on rural economic growth.The second stage is to verify whether the poverty reduction effect is achieved through economic growth,that is,intermediary effect analysis.The study found that:(1)Rural financial expenditure is an important institutional factor to promote the development of rural economy.From the scale of rural financial expenditure,the total rural financial expenditure,rural economic financial expenditure,agricultural financial expenditure and agricultural infrastructure expenditure can significantly promote the development of rural economy.From the perspective of the structure of rural financial expenditure,increasing the proportion of total rural financial expenditure,the proportion of rural economic expenditure,the proportion of supporting agricultural expenditure and the proportion of agricultural infrastructure expenditure can significantly promote the development of rural economy.(2)The test results of intermediary effect show that from the point of view of the scale of rural fiscal expenditure,increasing the overall scale of rural fiscal expenditure,the scale of rural economic expenditure and the scale of financial expenditure on agricultural infrastructure can significantly promote the growth of rural economy,and then indirectly promote rural poverty reduction.From the perspective of the structure of rural financial expenditure,increasing the proportion of total rural financial expenditure,the proportion of rural economic expenditure and the proportion of financial expenditure on agricultural infrastructure can significantly promote rural economic growth,and then indirectly reduce the level of rural poverty.According to the analysis of the welfare effect of fiscal expenditure,it is found that China's rural fiscal expenditure has played a significant role in promoting the social welfare level of rural residents.Whether increasing the scale and proportion of rural financial expenditure on people's livelihood or increasing the scale and proportion of rural economic fiscal expenditure can significantly improve the social welfare level of rural residents,but the result of further comparison shows that the social welfare effect of rural economic fiscal expenditure is more obvious,which also shows that the social welfare effect of rural economic fiscal expenditure is more obvious,which also shows that rural economic fiscal expenditure can promote rural economic growth and it is very necessary to produce a greater welfare multiplier effect.The results of heterogeneity test show that rural fiscal expenditure has significantly promoted the level of rural economic development in the eastern,central and western regions,but its significance level and the intensity of poverty reduction decrease successively from east to west,which also shows that in the future,government departments should pay more attention to the construction of infrastructure and basic environment in the western region,so as to create conditions for giving better play to the social welfare effect of rural fiscal expenditure.The empirical analysis of the poverty reduction effect of the financial support policy for agriculture in Guizhou Province shows that the financial support policy for agriculture in infrastructure and public services has a significant effect on poverty reduction,while the subsidy policy on agriculture has an income-increasing effect,but the effect of poverty reduction is not obvious.Finally,based on the research results,we can look forward to the direction of in-depth research in the future.According to the conclusions of the previous theoretical analysis and empirical research,and combined with the results of the case analysis of poverty reduction by fiscal expenditure in Guizhou Province,this paper probes into the feasible ways of fiscal expenditure helping to cultivate the ability of farmers to increase income so as to continuously reduce poverty.It also puts forward specific policy suggestions from the point of view of stabilizing fiscal expenditure,improving the structure of fiscal expenditure and promoting the equalization of public services.In order to explore new economic growth points,improve the capacity of the poor and take multiple measures for fiscal expenditure,moreover,in order to achieve the effective connection between consolidating the achievements of poverty alleviation and rural revitalization in the new era,this paper provides ideas and prospects for poverty research in the post-2020 era. |
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