Research On The Impact Of Human Capital Investment On Farmers' Livelihood

Farmers have always been the main force of China's rural economic and social development.Under the background of the continuous promotion of agricultural modernization and the gradual implementation of the strategy of rural revitalization,China's agricultural and rural development will be injected with more modern ideas and new methods.To realize the industrial prosperity,ecological livability,rural civilization,effective governance and rich life can not be achieved without the participation of farmers,which puts forward higher requirements for rural human capital.However,China's human capital investment and reserves are quite poor.A large number of young and strong labor force go to cities to work.The phenomenon of rural population hollowing out is increasing.The physical quality of the left behind personnel is poor,and the labor skills and education level are low.At the same time,due to the characteristics of high cost and slow return of human capital investment,coupled with the problems of employment difficulties of college students in reality,human capital investment is inert It begins to highlight that the loss of rural human capital and the inertia of human capital investment will lead to changes in farmers' livelihood capital,which will affect farmers' livelihood ability and their livelihood strategy choice to some extent,so as to get different livelihood results.In view of this,to study the impact of human capital investment on Farmers' livelihood,to invest in rural human capital from the aspects of education,health,migration and so on,to improve the physical quality,psychological quality and cultural quality of rural population,on the one hand,to improve agricultural production conditions and employment options of farmers,to improve the income level and mental state of farmers,on the other hand,to clarify agricultural modernization And the human capital problems encountered in the process of rural revitalization,to achieve agricultural modernization and Rural Revitalization Strategy to provide feasible suggestions.This research mainly solves the following problems:(1)what are the current situation,characteristics,differences and problems of human capital investment?(2)What are the current situation and problems of farmers' livelihood?(3)Why does human capital investment affect farmers' livelihood?(4)What are the impacts of human capital investment on Farmers' livelihood?(5)In the context of Rural Revitalization Strategy,how should the government and farmers invest in human capital in order to improve the livelihood level and quality of farmers? The above five questions are the general summary of this study.Specifically,in addition to the introduction and research outlook,the mainresearch content is composed of seven chapters:The first chapter is the key concepts and theoretical basis.Firstly,the paper defines the key concepts of human capital investment,farmers' livelihood,livelihood ability,livelihood strategy,livelihood results,etc.,and defines the research scope and research boundary of this paper through the key concepts;secondly,it expounds the theoretical basis of this study,mainly including human capital theory,farmers' livelihood theory,farmers' behavior theory,economic growth theory and income distribution theory.The second chapter describes the current situation and problems of human capital investment and farmers' livelihood.It mainly describes and summarizes the current situation of human capital investment and farmers' livelihood in China,which is the first and second questions mentioned above.At the same time,this chapter is also the realistic basis of the full text.The current situation of human capital investment includes four parts:general situation of human capital investment,investment characteristics,investment differences and existing problems.The current situation of farmers' livelihood mainly includes two parts: the general situation of farmers' livelihood and the existing problems.This chapter mainly uses descriptive analysis method,and relevant data,data and forms are collected from China Statistical Yearbook,China Rural Statistical Yearbook,China education funds statistical yearbook,China Health and family planning statistical yearbook,and public information on websites of relevant ministries and commissions.The third chapter is the theoretical analysis of the impact of human capital investment on Farmers' livelihood.It mainly solves the third problem mentioned above,that is,to analyze the impact of human capital investment on Farmers' livelihood from the theoretical level,first identify the relationship between the two,then respectively elaborate the impact mechanism of human capital investment on Farmers' livelihood ability,Livelihood Strategy and livelihood results,and finally construct the logical system and research framework of this study.This chapter mainly uses qualitative analysis method,combining with human capital theory,farmers' livelihood theory,farmers' behavior theory and so on.The fourth chapter is the impact of human capital investment on Farmers' livelihood ability.This chapter uses case study method,first introduces the evaluation method and commonly used evaluation index of farmers' livelihood ability,then selects two representative families in human capital investment in the investigated rural families for comparative analysis.The two families are basically the same in the macro environment and the starting point of family economy,but because the two families attach importance to human capital investment There are big differences between the two families in terms of livelihood ability,Livelihood Strategy and livelihood results.Through case analysis andcomparison,this paper believes that human capital investment will weaken farmers' livelihood ability in the short term,but in the long term,human capital investment will improve farmers' livelihood ability.At the same time,compared with health investment,human capital education investment and migration investment will have a greater impact on Farmers' livelihood ability.The fifth chapter is the empirical analysis of the impact of human capital investment on Farmers' livelihood strategy.Farmers' livelihood strategies are mainly analyzed from two aspects: employment and entrepreneurship.The impact on Farmers' employment is mainly to investigate the impact on non-agricultural employment and off-site employment,and the impact on Farmers' entrepreneurship is mainly to investigate the impact on entrepreneurial behavior and entrepreneurial ability.The empirical results show that the human capital education investment,health investment and migration investment of rural residents have an impact on the non-agricultural employment of farmers,of which the migration investment is the most significant,the health investment is the second,and the education investment is the weakest;while the human capital health investment and migration investment of rural residents have an impact on the off-site employment of farmers,the migration investment is the most significant,and the education investment has an impact on the off-site employment of farmers The impact of industry is not significant;the rural family human capital transfer investment has a significant impact on the entrepreneurial behavior of farmers,while the education investment and health investment have no significant impact on the entrepreneurial behavior of farmers;the rural family human capital education investment and transfer investment have an impact on the entrepreneurial ability of farmers,and the health investment has no significant impact on the entrepreneurial ability of farmers.The sixth chapter is the empirical analysis of the impact of human capital investment on Farmers' livelihood results.The results of farmers' livelihood are mainly analyzed from two aspects: Farmers' income and farmers' mental state.The impact on Farmers' income mainly focuses on the impact on income level and income structure,and the impact on Farmers' mental state mainly focuses on the impact on life satisfaction and future confidence.The empirical results show that education investment,health investment and migration investment of rural family human capital all have an impact on the income level of farmers,of which education investment and migration investment have the most significant impact,followed by health investment;health investment of rural family human capital has the most significant impact on the operating income of rural families,followed by education investment and migration investment,education investment and migrationinvestment on Agriculture The influence of non-agricultural income and wage income of rural households is very significant,but the influence of health investment on them is not significant;the influence of human capital health investment and migration investment on rural residents' life satisfaction and future confidence is significant,while the influence of education investment on rural residents' life satisfaction and future confidence is not significant.The seventh chapter is the main conclusions and policy recommendations.Mainly answer the last question raised above.On the basis of summarizing the theoretical analysis and empirical analysis,the paper puts forward policy suggestions that can promote human capital investment and improve the sustainable livelihood of farmers.The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: first,the impact of human capital investment on the livelihood ability of farmers is to weaken first and then strengthen.In the short term,human capital investment will weaken the financial capital of farmers,leading to the weakening of the overall livelihood ability of farmers and the reduction of the ability to resist risks.But in the long term,the accumulated investment can significantly improve the family human capital and social capital,The results show that human capital investment in education and migration has the most significant impact on Farmers' income level,and health investment has the second effect From the point of view,the impact of human capital education investment and migration investment on Farmers' non-agricultural income and wage income is very significant,while the impact of health investment on Rural Households' non-agricultural income and wage income is not significant;fourth,the impact of human capital health investment on Farmers' operating income is the largest,comparatively speaking,although human capital education investment and migration investment can affect farmers' operating income Income and total income,but its effect is not as significant as health investment;fifth,human capital education investment has no effect on Farmers' mental state,empirical results show that human capital health investment and migration investment have significant impact on rural residents' life satisfaction and future confidence,while education investment has no effect on rural residents' life satisfaction or future confidence Significant.There may be three innovations in this paper: first,the existing research is less about the impact of human capital on Farmers' livelihood,less about the systematic analysis of the impact of human capital investment on Farmers' livelihood.In this paper,the innovation of farmers' Entrepreneurship and farmers' mental state are included into the scope of farmers' Livelihood Strategy and livelihood results,and the impact of human capital investment on farmers is specifically investigated The impact of entrepreneurialbehavior and entrepreneurial ability,as well as the impact of human capital investment on Farmers' life satisfaction and confidence in the future,are innovative in the perspective of research.Second,human capital is one of the five major livelihood capital of farmers,and livelihood capital is related to livelihood ability interest.Therefore,in the relevant literature on the impact of human capital investment on Farmers' livelihood ability,research Researchers mostly use qualitative research methods to investigate the impact of human capital investment on Farmers' livelihood ability from the perspective of livelihood capital.In this paper,case study method is used innovatively.Through systematic tracking and comprehensive investigation of the investigated objects,we can get a comprehensive understanding of the whole.Combined with the theoretical analysis part,we can achieve the derivation from individual to general The third is that in the empirical analysis of the impact of human capital investment on the employment and income of farmers,the vast majority of them use the official macro data such as the National Statistical Yearbook for empirical regression,while this paper uses the CFPS public data,involving the micro data of rural households and rural residents,which is innovative in data use,and also demonstrates human resources from the micro perspective An attempt of the impact of capital investment on the employment and income of farmers.Due to my limited research ability,there are still many imperfections in this study.Firstly,the measurement of human capital investment in this paper is mainly based on the sum of education investment,health investment and migration investment,which may cause a certain error between the data obtained and the actual value;secondly,there will be certain subjectivity and one sidedness in the selection of variables in the empirical process,This will have a certain impact on the estimated results;thirdly,the research on Farmers' livelihood is a relatively large concept,which is limited to the impact of article length and personal time capacity,and may ignore other issues of the impact of human capital investment on Farmers' livelihood,so the depth and breadth of research need to be further strengthened.