| Urban agglomeration is the spatial organization form of national innovation system and the key carrier of the implementation of China's regional development strategy.The study of collaborative innovation of urban agglomeration is of great practical significance to the implementation of innovation driven strategy and the formulation of regional coordinated development strategy in China.This paper takes the current three innovation Highlands,namely Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration,Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration and Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration as the research object,and explores the development mode,structural characteristics,driving factors,economic effects,and Countermeasures of multi subject cross regional collaborative innovation.First,the paper defines the concepts of urban agglomeration,innovative urban agglomeration,as well as multi-agent collaborative innovation,regional collaborative innovation,collaborative innovation network,and urban agglomeration collaborative innovation according to the review relevant research about collaborative innovation.Based on the basic theories of transaction cost theory,resource dependence theory,innovation system theory,Schumpeter innovation theory and clustering theory,the paper expounds the mechanism of urban collaborative innovation in urban agglomeration,network formation and innovation output,and the explanation mechanism of promoting economic growth.The key to the development of collaborative innovation lies in the realization of complementary advantages and avoiding disadvantages among innovation subjects by participating in innovation activities together,so as to drive innovation elements such as knowledge,technology,talents and capital to break through the restrictions of multiple subjects,and step over organizational boundaries and geographical barriers,while alternatively realize innovation spillover and bring positive externalities.Therefore,from the perspective of capturing the regional spillover effect,this paper studies the pull effects of collaborative innovation behavior on the economic development of the city,the spillover effects of collaborative innovation on the economic development of neighboring cities,the evolution of driving forces in the process of the continuous development and maturity of collaborative innovation network,and the difference in the degree of effect on different regions.Among which,the main participants of collaborative innovation of urban agglomeration include enterprises,universities,research institutes,consumer users,as well as government regulation and intermediary organizations.Furthermore,this article explores the convergence of economic development in urban agglomeration brought by collaborative innovation.Accordingly,this paper carries out empirical research.Based on the data of authorized invention patent from 1985 to 2018,this paper constructs the database of joint application for patents between cities,and analyzes the evolution characteristics of collaborative innovation network structure of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration,Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration and Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration from the perspective of "region and across regions",and combines patent data with statistical data to establish a single zone spatial panel model,a two zone spatial panel model and a GWR regression model,which are supposed to simulate effects of collaborative innovation on economic growth,regional differences in each city,and their spillover effects.Then a spatial "X" lag Markov chain model is conducted to analyze economic convergence in urban agglomerations and the role of collaborative innovation in the process.Through the above in-depth study,the following conclusions are drawn:(1)The driving force of collaborative innovation includes internal and external driving force.Internal motivation is the driving factor through which to promote the R & D cooperation of innovation subject and conduct synergy effect,which mainly includes the orientation of development strategy,the pursuit of high profit and the complementary demand of innovation resources.The external driving force mainly comes from the trend of the market environment,the pressure of innovation output,the promotion of policies and regulations,and the mutual trust with the cooperation participants.(2)The evolution of collaborative innovation network of urban agglomeration can be divided into four stages during the year 1985 to 2018:germination stage,exploration stage,prosperity stage and mature stage.Collaborative innovation in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration has experienced the development process from weak to strong.In the early stage,Beijing is the only dominant node and occupies the leading position,while Tianjin is the only secondary dominant node.The collaborative connection between Beijing and Tianjin turns to be the strongest flow,which forms the main part of the collaborative innovation network in the first stage.Other cities receive radiation and are subordinate nodes.With the development of collaborative innovation network and the deepening of network density,the collaborative innovation links among cities in Hebei Province are gradually dense,and the collaborative relationship between Shijiazhuang,Baoding,Qinhuangdao is formed and deepened.The collaborative innovation network in Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration takes Shanghai and Nanjing as the dual centers in the initial stage,and the collaborative innovation network tends to be perfect.From the perspective of scale attribute,the gap between cities is significantly narrowed,the network density within the cluster is gradually increased,and the distribution is further balanced.Compared with the previous stage,the centrality of cities in Anhui Province is significantly increased,and the collaborative innovation network has realized the transformation from the central intensive area to the central area.The north and South are fully extended.The collaborative innovation network of the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration takes Guangzhou,Shenzhen,and Foshan as the core framework of the network,Dongguan as the secondary leading node,and forms the aggregation closed loop of collaborative innovation in the third stage of the urban agglomeration.The main part of collaborative innovation in the Pearl River Delta cities is spreading,but the contact strength does not rise at the same time.The scope of collaborative innovation network between the Pearl River Delta Urban Agglomeration and the external cities is expanding,and the intensity is slightly reduced.(3)The results of single region spatial panel regression show that the optimal regression result is the spatial Durbin model with double fixed effects.The coefficient of direct effect of collaborative innovation activities on economic growth rate is 0.0218,and the indirect effect coefficient is 0.0031.That is to say,with the deepening of cities' participation in the whole cluster collaborative innovation,it not only drives the local economic growth,but also promotes the economic growth of neighboring cities.The spatial panel regression results show that the spillover effect of economic growth among cities in the Beijing-TianjinHebei urban agglomeration and the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration is significantly higher than that of cities outside the agglomeration,while the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration turns to be on the contrary.(4)The driving effects of collaborative innovation on economic growth in Beijing Tianjin Hebei,Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta Urban Agglomerations show acceleration effect,diffusion effect and convergence effect respectively.Three time series of 1995,2005 and 2015 are selected for geographically weighted regression.The results show that the degree of economic effect of collaborative innovation in each city is different.Among them,the impact of collaborative innovation on economic growth in Beijing Tianjin Hebei urban agglomeration gradually turns from negative effect to positive effect,and the driving effect is enhanced and shows acceleration effect.The effect of Yangtze River Delta cities' collaborative innovation driven economic growth continues to be significant,positive and positive diffusion.The driving effect of collaborative innovation intensity on economic growth in Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration is the strongest in 1995,and then weakened,showing convergence trend.(5)The results of spatial "X" Markov transition matrix show that in the Beijing Tianjin Hebei,Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta urban agglomerations,the collaborative innovation intensity of neighboring cities has an important impact on the economic growth of their own cities,that is,the spatial spillover of collaborative innovation activities has a significant effect on the change of economic development level.For cities with high level of collaborative innovation in neighborhood environment,the probability of upward transfer of economic development level increases correspondingly,while the probability of downward transfer decreases.The spatial externality of the effect of collaborative innovation on economic growth exists.(6)Aiming at the goal of improving the level of collaborative innovation and economic effect,this paper puts forward the following policy suggestions.Firstly,efforts are supposed to make to build collaborative innovation carriers,to promote the flow and sharing of innovation resources,promote intergovernmental innovation management cooperation,to improve the investment and financing system,and enhance the collaborative innovation ability of urban agglomeration.Secondly,efforts should be made to promote the transformation of collaborative innovation achievements,promote the agglomeration of high-tech industries and the optimization and upgrading of industrial institutions in urban agglomerations,and improve the performance of collaborative innovation in urban agglomerations.Thirdly,we should establish a collaborative innovation mode of leading urban innovation,cities which are central strengthening spillover,and urban division and cooperation within urban agglomerations,so as to give play to the economic effect of collaborative innovation and promote the integrated development of urban agglomerations. |
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