Research On Optimization And Impact Of Fiscal And Taxation Policy Incentives For Green Transformation Of Old Communities

The transformation of old communities in cities and towns is a people's livelihood project and development project that the state has been vigorously promoting in recent years.It is of great significance to improving urban functions,improving convenience services and improving the quality of life of residents.The 2020 novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic has fully exposed the shortcomings of epidemic prevention and control in old communities.The Party Central Committee and the State Council clearly stated in the work deployment of normalizing epidemic prevention and control and promoting economic and social development that it is necessary to intensify the transformation of old communities.Improve the quality of renovation and promote the expansion of domestic demand and benefit the people's livelihood.In the short to medium term,the renovation of old communities can quickly drive investment growth,expand employment,reduce building energy consumption,effectively support steady economic growth in the years after the epidemic,and release the triple dividend of economy,people's livelihood and environmental protection.At present,the transformation of old communities in our country is still in the initial stage of development,especially the green transformation of old communities with higher standards requires a huge amount of capital investment,and the participation of social capital is generally low,and it is urgent for the government to guide it through fiscal and taxation policies.In recent years,although various ministries and commissions have introduced fiscal and taxation policies to support the transformation of old communities,most of them are based on goals and suggestions.Can the current fiscal and taxation policies achieve the expected results?How to optimize fiscal and taxation policies according to the country's specific development goals?For the first time,this paper uses a computable general equilibrium model to conduct an empirical quantitative analysis of the industry,economy,people's livelihood,and environmental protection impacts of the fiscal and taxation policies related to the renovation of old communities and discusses the national specific renovation targets and carbon emission reduction targets.The incentive and optimization plan for reforming relevant fiscal and taxation policies fills in the deficiencies and gaps in existing literature research.Specifically,for the first time,this article systematically focuses on the impact of fiscal and taxation policies related to the green transformation of old communities,as well as the optimization of fiscal and tax incentives under specific transformation and carbon emission reduction targets and focuses on the general transformation and green transformation of old communities.Transformation for heterogeneity analysis.On the one hand,through a calculable general equilibrium model,analyze the direct impact of relevant fiscal and taxation policies on industry output,as well as the indirect impact on macroeconomics,people's livelihood,and environmental protection.Among them,fiscal and taxation policies mainly refer to fiscal subsidies and value-added tax reduction policies.Economic indicators refer to GDP,investment,import and export,people's livelihood indicators refer to residents' consumption and employment,and environmental protection refers to carbon emissions and carbon intensity.On the other hand,this article discusses how to optimize and adjust fiscal and taxation policies in accordance with national specific goals in the short and medium term based on the StateCouncil's old community renovation goals and the national carbon emission reduction goals.In addition,the implementation of fiscal subsidies and value-added tax reduction policies needs to consider fiscal affordability.How to implement fiscal and tax incentive policies within the fiscal endurance is also an important issue in the process of rebuilding old communities.The feasibility of financial and tax incentives for the green transformation of the community.First,this article uses an input-output model to analyze the industrial relevance and spillover effects of the transformation of related industries,as well as the spillover effects of fiscal and taxation policies.The study found that the increase in transformation investment has a significant role in promoting the supply of the secondary industry,and it can stimulate the demand of the secondary and tertiary industries.In addition,industries related to the transformation of old communities have strong radiation and can drive the development of other industries and even the entire national economy.However,if the green transformation method is selected in consideration of environmental protection goals,it will have a certain hindering effect on economic growth.Fiscal and taxation policies will produce spillover effects through inter-industry linkages and indirectly stimulate the development of other industries,providing theoretical and data support for the later analysis of the strong economic effects of fiscal and taxation policies.Second,this paper constructs a dynamic CGE model that can be used to assess the impact of financial and taxation policies related to the transformation,namely the SICGE-OC model.In order to analyze the heterogeneity of different types of renovation in old communities,this paper conducts a secondary development of the benchmark SICGE model.On the one hand,according to the cost structure of green buildings,the relevant departments are divided into details to distinguish green renovation investment from ordinary building investment;on the other hand,considering the impact of the 2020 epidemic on my country's economy,according to the announcement in 2021 The latest data calibrate the key parameters of the model to improve the model's ability to capture the impact of the epidemic and the accuracy of predictive analysis.Through the analysis and calculation of the model's core fiscal and taxation policy parameters,this paper designs a total of 27 policy simulation scenarios.In this paper,the CGE model analysis and selection of the short and medium term(to 2025)comprehensively considers two reasons.One is that the State Council's goal of completing the renovation of old communities is set at the end of the "14th Five-Year Plan period;the other is that the future uncertainty is greater and lengthened.Model analysis time will increase the error of model prediction results.In addition,since the characteristics of the transformation of old communities are more complicated to describe in the CGE model,and the transformation is essentially the construction industry,the mechanism of encouraging the increase of investment in the transformation of old communities through fiscal and taxation policies is consistent with the mechanism of influencing the increase in investment in the construction industry.of.Therefore,this article splits the two departments directly related to the renovation of "house construction" and "building decoration,decoration,and other construction services" according to the cost structure of green buildings,so that the model can analyze the financial and tax incentives for different types of renovations.Differentiated influence and optimization plan.Among them,the cost structure specifically includes the intermediate input products and services in the production process,as well as the input capital,labor and other factor costs.Third,with the help of the dynamic SICGE-OC model,explore the impact of the reform of related fiscal and tax incentive policies and the optimization plan under specific goals.The study found that my country's current fiscal expenditure multiplier to support the transformation of old communities is about 1.775.In addition to stimulating industry output,stimulating economic growth,increasing employment and household consumption,it can also reduce carbon intensity and make carbon emissions growth slower than economic expansion.effect.Both fiscal subsidies and value-added tax reduction policies can have a positive impact on industry output and the macro economy.Increased fiscal and tax support will have a significant economic expansion effect,but it is not conducive to the realization of carbon emission reduction targets.In the short to medium term,differences in VAT reduction targets will bring about significant differentiated effects,while the heterogeneous effects of the differentiation of fiscal subsidy targets have not yet appeared.In addition,this article divides the reconstruction goals of the old communities at the end of the "14th Five-Year Plan period into four categories according to the reconstruction standards and investment scale and discusses the optimization plan of fiscal and taxation policies under four different situations.It also analyzed the optimal range of fiscal and taxation support policies under the carbon emission reduction target.In the short and medium term,the annual fiscal subsidy funds should be controlled at 160-240 billion yuan,and the tax reduction for the green transformation of old communities should be within 3 percentage points.Finally,this article proposes that the implementation of fiscal subsidies and value-added tax reduction policies requires consideration of fiscal affordability,and how to implement fiscal and tax incentive policies within the scope of fiscal support is an important issue in the process of rebuilding old communities.Financial subsidies are currently the main way to support the transformation of old communities in my country.The reason for selecting the value-added tax reduction policy for simulation analysis is that social capital is not very active in participating in the transformation,and it is necessary to leverage social capital by reducing taxes and burdens for enterprises.To solve the problem of financing difficulties in old communities.However,the two policies of fiscal subsidies and value-added tax cuts are bound to put greater pressure on the finances.Since the outbreak of the global new crown pneumonia epidemic,in order to support the prevention and control of the epidemic,the rescue of enterprises,and the resumption of production,my country's new tax cuts and fees will exceed 2.5 trillion yuan in 2020.The fiscal pressure is already under pressure to increase value.The policy space for tax reduction is limited.To sum up,my country's current financial affordability can only support old community reconstruction methods with lower standards,such as "basic" and "perfect" types.The possibility of implementing green reconstruction for all old communities is very small.Regions where conditions permit are to try first,advance in an orderly manner,or take advantage of my country's system to increase government revenue by increasing carbon taxes,and then give priority to supporting the reconstruction of old communities as a livelihood and development project.The research in this article fills the gap in the research on the optimization and impact of fiscal and taxation policy incentives for the renovation of old communities,and fully considers the impact of the new crown pneumonia epidemic in 2020.Enriching the research paradigm of fiscal and taxation policy effects will help improve the accuracy and effectiveness of fiscal and taxation policy incentives.The relevant conclusions of this article help us to enhance our understanding of the connotation and functional positioning of fiscal and taxation policies in the green,low-carbon and high-quality development stage,and enrich the research on how fiscal subsidies and value-added tax reduction policies affect green investment behavior.In addition,this article is conducive to improving the performance evaluation system of fiscal expenditure projects,and it also has reference significance for the practice of green fiscal expenditure theory.