| The history of new China for more than 70 years is a process of continuous liberation and development of productive forces.As a core component of the national economic development strategy,regional development strategy has a profound impact on the allocation of productive forces and plays an enormous driving role in economic development.China's regional development strategy has undergone several major adjustments in different historical conditions,from the balanced development to the imbalanced development then to the well-balanced development.In regional balanced development period,the economic gap between the north and the south is not obvious.After the reform and opening up,the disparity among the east,middle and west area,and the economic gap between the "four plates" in the 21 st century have become the focus of attention.Since entering the stage of transformation of new and old kinetic energy,the gap between the North and the South has been expanding,coexisting with the gap between the east,middle and west area,and new problems such as regional differentiation have emerged.The speed of regional development is fast in the South and slow in the North,and the center of economic scale is moving to the South.It has gradually become one of the outstanding manifestations of the imbalance and insufficiency of regional development in China.The economic gap between the North and the South is the result of the mutual influence of many factors.The movement of the economic center from north to south has been the main line and basic characteristic of the spatial structure evolution of economic development since the founding of new China.Taking the historical evolution of the national regional development strategy as the overall framework,and considering the international environment,economic system,industrial structure,technical progress and other factors,this thesis investigates the formation and change of the North-South economic gap from 1953 to 2017,which can be divided into four periods.During the period of balanced development strategy from 1949 to 1978,the national economic center was in the northern region.With the priority development of heavy industry as the logical starting point,during the "First Five-Year Plan" period,when Mao Zedong proposed the "iron and steel crossing the river",the central government increased funds for inland construction selectively step by step.The spatial layout of productive forces tilted to the Northeast and the Southwest.Under the highly centralized planned economic system,the regional gap was narrowed,and the regional economy between the North and the South became balanced.During the period of unbalanced strategy from 1979 to 1991,with the prelude to reform and opening-up,resource elements continued to converge on the coastal areas,and economic development show the characteristic of spatial gradient difference of East-Central-West regions.Under the combined action of unbalanced regional policies,the vigorous development of consumer goods industries and the relocation of industries,the economic growth of the South began to exceed that of the North,and the economic center moved from the north to the south.From 1992 to 2011 the overall strategic period of regional development,as structural disequilibrium emerged in regional development,the state proposed and implemented the general strategy for regional development.Investment growth in the Central and Western regions has accelerated significantly,new regional economic growth poles and modes of economic operation have begun to take shape,and the center of gravity of development has shifted to the South.After 2003,the economic growth momentum of the northern region was slightly stronger,the regional economic center moved southward and slowed down,forming a pattern based on the "four plates" and a slight narrowing of the gap between the North and the South.The coordinated regional development strategies from 2012 to 2017,the implementation of major regional development strategies after the 18 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,such as the construction of "the Belt and Road",the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei,the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt,the construction of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and the integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta region,has gradually formed a new pattern of regional development.The regional economy has entered a stage of structural adjustment and transformation of development momentum.Economic aggregate and manufacturing productivity have been further concentrated in the Southern region.Economic growth in the North is slowing down,and the gap between the North and the South has been widened significantly.The national economic center shifted to the South further.By investigating the regional development strategy and the economic gap between the North and the South in different periods,this thesis analyzes the evolution of regional development pattern and the root cause of the widening economic gap between the North and the South.It is pointed out that the economic gap between East-MiddleWest regions is mainly caused by the difference in the opening-up process,while the economic gap between the North and the South is mainly caused by institutional factors,namely the different advancement degrees of market-oriented reform.The industrial structure with heavy industry as the center and lagging momentum transformation of the North also restrict the economic development.The differentiation between the North and the South reflects the deep-seated problems of regional economic development,such as the "Matthew effect" of different economic growth models,the imbalance between structural adjustment and the transformation of new and old kinetic energy,and the slow process of marketization and regional integration.The uneven pattern of polarization between the South and the North has affected the realization of high-quality economic development and regional coordinated development,which restricts the improvement of people's well-being and contradicts the essence of socialist common wealth.It is the great subject during the process of modernization in China.Therefore,it is necessary to implement the regional development strategy of coordinating the relation among the east,middle and west zone,between the South and the North.We should comprehensively deepen the market-oriented reform in the northern China,promote the optimization and upgrading of the industrial structure,narrow regional disparities,solve the "rust problem",enhance the new momentum of economic development,and build a new pattern of regional high-quality coordinated development. |
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