| With the rapid development of economy and with the acceleration of urbanization in China,a large number of agricultural labor has flowed to the non-agricultural sectors,and correspondingly the rural are becoming “old,disease and hollow” that has a common trend in China.Moreover,on account of the family decentralized management and agricultural management with high risk,farmland management efficiency is low,and the abandoned land is becoming more and more,resulting in a huge waste of land resources and loss of efficiency.Then,how to develop modern agriculture based on appropriate scale and to improve the efficiency of agricultural land has always been the focus of attention of our government and theorists.As a principal way to realize the appropriate scale operation of farmland,the problem of farmland circulating has been concerned for a long time.In addition,in order to protect the farmers' farmland rights,the central government has decided to clarify the farmland property right further,and the No.1 document of central government has proposed to regular the farmland contract registration system in 2013 in order to strengthen protecting property rights of farmland of household,moreover,the implementation of the policy has been planed to be completed within 5 years which includes the registration of contractual operation right of farmland and issuing the certification of the farmland management rights.By the end of 2017,a lot of human resources and material resources had been invested into the farmland confirming right,so the work of confirmation has made great progress.In terms of the effect of the confirming right on the farmland circulating,the theoretical dispute has never stopped.Most scholars believe that the confirming right would promote the circulating of farmland,but some scholars believe that the confirming right can not promote the circulating of farmland,and even bring down farmland circulating.In this study,through researching on the specific paths of confirming the farmland right effecting on farmland circulating,the researcher try to explain how the farmland circulation is affected by the confirming farmland right,then,this study further explores the circulating effect difference between confirming land right and definite position with confirming farmland right with undefined position.Based on that,it is expected to explore more ways to promote farmland circulating according to the effect mechanism,so that the confirming right exert a greater role in promoting the circulation of farmland,so that the moderate scale management of agricultural land can be achieved,and so that operating efficiency of the farmland can be improved.This research uses survey data from 522 households in Zhejiang Province,through Process plug-in in SPSS software,on the one hand,analyzes the multiple mediating effects of the confirming right on farmland circulating,specifically,this article mainly suggest the confirming farmland right effects farmland circulating through price effect(rent),production incentive(output value),transaction cost and endowment effect.On the other hand,based on the above conclusions,what is the difference in effect on farmland circulating that is generated by between confirming land right and definite position and confirming farmland right with undefined position?This article is divided into eight chapters,and the details are as follows:Chapter one: the introduction of the dissertation.In this chapter,firstly,the background and significance of the research are introduced.Secondly,the main research objectives and contents of this study are illustrated further.Thirdly,the part shows the technical route diagram and the research methods of the study.Finally the possible innovation points of this research are listed.Chapter two: a literature review.In this part the research mainly untangles and reviews the related research findings,that includes that:(1)the research literature on the confirming right of farmland which is comprised of both the obstacles in the practice of the farmland confirming right and choosing between the two ways of the right of confirmation;(2)the research literature on the farmland circulating which is comprised of the main factors that affect the rural land circulating from the perspective of transaction cost and endowment effect,from the perspective of farmers,from the perspective of labor migration,from the perspective of village or all levels of government,and from the perspective of intermediary organization,policy and macro environment;(3)the literature review of the influence of the confirming right on the farmland circulating which is comprised of the influence of the confirming right on the scale of the farmland circulating,of the influence of the confirming right on the way of farmland circulating,and of the effect difference between the two ways of the confirming right on the farmland circulating;(4)The literature review of other effects of the confirming right,including the influence of confirming right on farmland management efficiency and on the farmers' income,the influence of the confirming right on protecting the farmland,the influence of the confirming right on the rural finance and the influence of the confirming right on the agricultural insurance so on.Finally,a brief review of the literature review of this part is made.Chapter three: the basic theory related.This part mainly includes:(1)the theory of property rights which is comprised of the connection between property rights and transaction cost,the connection between property rights and economic development,and the connection between farmland's property rights and agricultural economic development;(2)the connection between property rights and the confirming farmland right which consist of the concept of confirming farmland right,the connection between confirming farmland right and property right,and the connection among the confirming right way,property right and transaction cost;(3)the related basic concepts and theories of farmland circulation which include the concept of farmland circulation,the mode of farmland circulation and the effect of farmland circulation;(4)the background knowledge of endowment effect that contains the definition of endowment effect,the psychological mechanism of forming endowment effect and the influencing factors of that.Chapter four: the policy evolution and practice exploration of the farmland's property policy and farmland circulating in China.Based on the historical development,this part mainly trace back to the change of farmland property right policy in our country and the development process of farmland circulation policy,moreover,exploration in practice of the both.Specially,on the one hand,the evolution of the policy of agricultural land is roughly divided into two stages,that is both the farmer ownership period and the collective ownership with unified operation period;on the other hand,both the policy evolution and exploration of farmland circulating in practical can be divided into several stages.The first stage characterize farmland circulating prohibition,that is1978-1987;the second stage characterize gradually allowing the circulation of farm,that is 1988-2001;the third stage characterize adjustment and falling in farmland circulating,that is 1994-2001;the last stage characterize rapid development and improvement,that is from 2002 to the present.Chapter five: the theoretical analysis of the influence of the confirming farmland right on farmland circulating.Based on the above basic theory,this part further analyzes the influence of confirming right on farmland circulating,which is the research framework of this article,so the subsequent empirical tests are based on this part,correspondingly the research hypotheses are put forward in the part.On the one hand,How does the confirming farmland right affect the farmland circulation through rent rate,production incentive effect,transaction cost and endowment effect? That is,based on the four mediating effects,the influence mechanism of the confirming right on the farmland circulation is analyzed.On the other hand,based on the difference among the four mediating effects of different confirming right ways,what is the difference in the total effect on farmland circulating between the two ways of the right of confirmation.Chapter six: the empirical test of the effect of confirming right on farmland circulating on the basis of the multiple mediation effect,which verifies the research hypotheses put forward in the first part of the theoretical framework of the fifth chapter.The content includes that:(1)the data sources,the regional distribution of the samples,variable definition,index selection and descriptive statistics are introduced;(2)factor analysis method is utilized to extract public factors for transaction costs,moreover,based on the factor analysis,the public factors are further used as an mediate variable,that is,all of the mediation variables are put into the framework that consist of public factors presenting transaction cost,the rent rate,output value per acre,and endowment effect;(3)the classical sequential test method are used to test the robustness of the multiple mediating effects;(4)a summary of this part's conclusion is made,and the results of the empirical test are listed.Chapter seven: the difference in the effect between the two confirming right ways on farmland circulating,that is,this chapter mainly carry out the empirical test so as to verify the research hypotheses put forward in the second part of the above theoretical framework.First,the source of the data,the regional distribution of the samples,the selection of variables and the setting of the econometric model are introduced.Second,it explains and analyzes the results from the empirical test that there are some differences in farmland circulating effect between the two right confirming right ways of farmland.Finally,based on the age characteristics of the householder and the situation of the householder migration,the empirical test results were tested for robustness.Chapter eight: research conclusions and policy advises.This part is mainly the summary of the above chapters,and according to the theoretical analysis and research conclusions of the previous chapters,the researcher put forward some practical and feasible policy suggestions.The conclusions of the study are as follows:(1)The confirming farmland right promotes the agricultural land circulating,specifically,the confirming farmland right improve the rate of farmland circulation and the proportion of rural land circulation of the household.(2)As far as the influence mechanism of confirming farmland right on farmland circulation is concerned,the study suggests that: first,the confirming farmland right promote farmland circulation mainly through the mediating effect of price effect(rent rate)and production incentive effect(output value).In other words,confirming right can improve the rent rate of farmland circulation and the output value,then the rent rate of farmland circulation and the output value can improve farmland circulating.Second,The mediation effect of the transaction cost between the confirming farmland right and the farmland circulation is not significant.Third,the confirming farmland right play has no significant impact on the endowment effect of rural land circulation market,while the endowment effect has no significant impact on the rural land circulation,so the endowment effect does not play a mediating role between the confirming farmland right and farmland circulation.(3)In terms of the effect of the way of the confirming farmland right on the rural land circulation,this study finds that confirming farmland right with undefined position can improve farmland circulating more effectively than confirming land right with definite position.Especially for those householders who are under 55 years old or sever as not-constant migrant worker all the year round,the circulating effect of confirming farmland right with undefined position is greater in raising both the probability of farmland circulation and the proportion of farmland circulation of the household.The possible innovations of this paper are the following:(1)How does confirming right influence farmland circulating.Most of the current research results only focus on whether the confirming farmland right can promote the farmland circulating,that is,the total effect of the right farmland circulating,however,the researchers have little attention to the influencing mechanism of confirming farmland right on rural land circulating.So it is remain to be solved how confirming farmland right affect the farmland circulating? Therefore,based on the analysis method of the multiple mediation effect,the study focuses on the influencing paths of confirming farmland right on the farmland circulating,which are comprised of the four mediating effects of price effect,production effect,transaction cost and endowment effect.(2)Differences in the influence of confirming right mode on farmland circulation.The current research conclusions are not consistent about the effect of confirming farmland right on farmland circulating.Some scholars suggest,based on the perspective of property economics,that confirming farmland right reduce the transaction cost and increase the rent rate of farmland circulating that result in promoting the farmland circulating.Others consider,based on the perspective of behavioral economics,confirming farmland right strengthen the endowment effect,or further solidify the status of farmland property rights' "fragmentation",as a result,the transaction cost is increased,therefore the confirming farmland right will not promote the farmland circulation,even inhibit the circulation of agricultural land.The possible reason for the embarrassed is that the difference in the effect of confirming right on farmland circulating is ignored.(3)Integrating endowment effects into the analysis framework.In terms of the present literature on the effect of confirming farmland right on farmland circulation,some research is carried out either from the perspective of price effect,production incentive and transaction cost,or from the perspective of endowment effect,nevertheless,there is little literature that put the four factors in a analysis system,correspondingly they often draw the opposite conclusions.I believe that the endogeneity problem can not be avoided which caused by missing important variables as much as possible,the result of inspection is not more reliable unless all of these factors can be put into a frame analysis.The shortcomings of this study include:(1)The selection of agricultural land circulation samples is limited.In the empirical study,the sample of farmland circulating is only subject to the transfer-out households of rural land,rather than both the transfer-out and transfer-in households of rural land,so the researcher failed to carry out a comparative study of transfer-out households and transfer-in households.(2)The analysis of the difference in the effect on the farmland circulating between the two confirming right ways is imperfect,because there are some shortcomings in the empirical test.In analyzing this difference,that is in farmland circulating effect caused by confirming farmland right with defined position and confirming farmland right with undefined position,this study mainly focuses on the total effect of the confirming farmland right on farmland circulation,rather than focuses on the multiple mediating effects,that is,the analysis of this difference did not involve the specific influencing path.(3)The nature and quantity of the sample are not good enough since the data used in this dissertation are cross-sectional data rather than panel data.Compared with the cross-sectional data,panel data have obvious advantages because the individual heterogeneity can be controlled and it is convenient to observe the policy effect in the dynamic adjustment process,however in this study the researcher failed to obtain the panel data.The reason of the failing is that,due to financial and time limitations,that the investigators are all from undergraduates in college who are taught by the researcher,so it is difficult for years of tracking survey in order to obtain satisfactory panel data.(4)When measuring the transaction cost in this study,the selected indexes are not ideal.For example,three common factors were extracted as transaction cost,but the two level index was only seven.Although the reliability and validity of data reach the requirement of factor analysis,the information contained in each factor was not enough. |
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