Synergetic Development Research Of Diversified Model Based On The Equilibrium Of Demand And Supply For Rural Science And Technology Service

Rural science and technology services are of great significance in rural development,agricultural production,farmers' prosperity,and promoting new rural construction and Rural Revitalization.For a long time,the rural science and technology service in China has been implemented with the "single center" supply system dominated by the grass-roots government.As the only supply subject,the government agricultural extension organization implements the project promotion and scientific and technological service mode with administrative order from top to bottom.The content,form and channel of rural science and technology service supply are "fully acting" by the government.This mode of "single center governance" government monopoly supply of rural science and technology services is not only prone to the phenomenon of insufficient total amount,but also easily induce structural imbalance of supply side,and breeds a deep-level governance crisis and government trust crisis.By the profound change between the rural economic structural and agricultural business forms since 1980's,agricultural popularization mechanism has undergone several times of induced change.However,the deep contradiction between agricultural popularization mechanism and rural economic development has not been fixed.Besides,the problems such as the model framework,micro governance structure,the exertion of the cooperative effect of the multi supply and demand subjects and the administrative function of rural science and technology service assumed by the government still have no answers.The Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee proposed to innovate and improve the social governance system of CPC Party committee leadership,government guiding,social coordination,public participation and legal guarantee.Besides,the 19th National Congress of the CPC once again clearly proposed to innovate the social governance system,form a social governance model based on collaboration,participation,and common interests,as well as bring the concept of coordination into local government's public service supply.As the demands for rural science and technology service is growing,the traditional system stumbles at every step.Under the new situation,this paper comprehensively combs the historical evolution of China's rural science and technology service supply,draws lessons from foreign rural science and technology service supply experience mode,analyzes the rural science and technology service demand and supply effectiveness,supply and demand balance,as well as the rural science and technology service supply and demand compatibility and service performance influencing factors from the two perspectives of supply and demand,It is of great significance for the supply side reform of rural science and technology services,promoting the coordinated development of multiple modes of rural science and technology services,and improving the effectiveness of rural science and technology services.On the basis of defining the connotation and extension of rural science and technology services,this paper constructs a DSAAS analysis model of "demand-response-adjustmentevaluation-strategy" under the guidance of multi-agent supply,multi center governance,game theory,and demand behavior change theory,drawing on the synergetic theory framework.Taking household survey data of 10 towns in southern,central and northern Jiangsu Province in 2015 as samples,as well as adopting theory and empirical analysis,Qualitative And Quantitative study,the Delphi technique method,Logistic model,Analytic Hierarchy Process,Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation,and Game model,this research analyzed the structural problems of supply and demand of rural science and technology services during the current stage of agricultural production,management and rural development.Besides,with the reference to synergetic theory,this thesis not only set up the theoretical framework for a new type of rural science and technology service system,but pointed that China's new type of diversified rural science and technology service system should be mechanisms of peasants'reasonable demand-oriented,government-led,market-based,and multi-body interaction,i.e." government-led+society interaction" mode in the future.The main conclusion goes as following:(1)In view of present situation that the functions of Chinese traditional rural science and technology service system or agricultural extension are not clear,the management is not smooth,the investment is not enough,the human resources are of low quality,and the operation links are poor,the organization's legal status is ambiguous,its supporting policy is unidentified,its function is not complete,we draw lessons from foreign agricultural extension organizations'coordination modes of successful experiences and put forward our country's rural science and technology service system of optimizing gradually into the integrated development models of a plurality of public welfare combined with the markets.Through analyzing some developed countries'cases of agricultural extension mechanism,this thesis found that different countries are varied in content,form and manner,but they all aim to help peasants solve problems and develop agricultural economic through non-mandatory activities such as training,exchange and consulting.Besides,these countries are all equipped with complete laws system and management mechanism,stable fund support,which optimize gradually into paid rural science and technology service,management functions division,showing a developing trend of diversified subjects,peasants' participation,modernized technique and individualized content.(2)This paper makes an empirical analysis of the demand in the diversified mode of rural science and technology services.This paper establishes the analysis framework of the influencing factors of farmers' behavior choice,expounds the connotation of farmers' demand behavior choice,investigates the influencing factors of farmers' demand behavior,and focuses on the quantitative analysis of the correlation between Demand Willingness and influencing factors,and the correlation between paid use willingness and influencing factors,so as to provide support for the balanced thinking of supply and demand of rural science and technology services and multi mode collaborative design.The results are reflected in the following aspects:peasants from different area have different demand intensity for science and technology service;peasants still have strong demand willingness for traditional production technology;the channels for accepting rural science and technology service shows a generalization trend;the willingness for rural science and technology service extension organization remain strong;peasants still think highly of rural science and technology service effect.Besides,from 5 aspects as peasants' personal characteristics,family characteristics,production and business operation characteristics,community characteristics and induced factors,the thesis put up 15 affecting factors:age,gender,education background,community identity,the proportion of labor,per capita family income,ability to bear risk from adopting new technology,farming and breeding land area,farming and breeding species,the proportion of agricultural operating income,the proportion of income paid by others from community,whether science and technology service can solve the problem,whether there exist problem during agricultural production and operation,the satisfaction of science and technology service,and the convenience of science and technology training.(3)This paper analyzes the supply of rural science and technology services in multiple models by using synergetics theory.Firstly,the study analyzes the supply and demand of rural science and technology service from different levels as Government.Social organization and market-oriented organization,which tries to set up an interaction mode.Secondly,through the combination of cooperative game theory and infinitely repeated game theory,it comes a conclusion that rural cooperative economic organization,enterprise and peasants can only be cooperation in certain conditions,that when the participant returns to meet the R ???R ???,meanwhile need to add some constraints,such as reward and punishment mechanism.It was only through these means to prevent participants in a "free rider" phenomenon and achieve multi-supply partners ' win-win outcome.Thirdly,the article identified the interaction and complementary relationship among the multi-subjects by synergetic theory,points out that the game between different suppliers of rural science and technology service is positive-sum,that is coordination supply will come true only in the condition that there is an increase in interest of all the suppliers,or at least one of the suppliers'interest is increase,while the other part's interest will not be compromised.Based on that,this thesis pointed that it should strengthen the coordination and interaction among government supply,market supply and society supply,constituting a rural science and technology service mode of government regulation and involvement,social and market operation and peasants'participation.(4)This paper evaluates the supply-demand fit in the multiple mode of rural science and technology services and the overall service performance based on the balance of supply and demand.On the basis of the above analysis of supply and demand,this paper uses the combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis,uses the TN method to analyze the main factors that affect the supply and demand fit and service performance of rural science and technology services,constructs the direct influence matrix between the influencing factors,and finds out the main factors that affect the balance of supply and demand of rural science and technology services and restrict the multi mode function of rural science and technology services,namely the supply of agricultural science and technology achievements The status of rural science and technology service personnel and the diffusion channels of rural science and technology service.From the perspective of farmers' demanders,using the method of AHP and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation,this paper evaluates the consistency of supply and demand of rural science and technology services and the overall service performance of multiple models.It is considered that only 7.3%of the farmers are very consistent with supply and demand,and only 25.1%of the farmers are good at overall service performance.It shows that the effective supply and service performance of rural science and technology services are in the heart of farmers Therefore,it is necessary to establish a multi Synergetic model of rural science and technology services based on Farmers' needs.(5)This thesis explores the reasons for the low fitness and imbalance between supply and demand of rural science and technology services.The imbalance between supply and demand of rural science and technology service mostly attributed to both sides' asymmetric information and different benefits preferences.Through establishing a supply and demand equilibrium models,this thesis found the improvement of rural science and technology service need open information channels,constructing effective mechanism for interface between supply and demand.Under the condition of non-symmetric information,this thesis build up a supply and demand relationship balanced model of rural science and technology service,which shows that the realization of the supply and demand coordination development depends on two a basic conditions:the comparison between Peasants ' consumption function U and its'cost of production PT;the comparison between Government's expectation of peasants' expected utility from consumption of sci-tech service and the cost compensation rate of providing for peasants'sci-tech service.But only when the achievement of consistent between government's expected utility cost for peasants'sci-tech service consumption and peasants' self-expected utility cost,the balance between supply and demand will be possible.In order to maximize the coordinate effect of diversified service models,the information expression channels of both sides should be unblocked,the boundary between payment and free should be defined,as well as the benefit concession mechanism between supply and demand should be optimized.(6)This paper designs the system framework,function framework and mechanism framework of the collaborative operation of multiple service modes,which is conducive to the coordination of supply and demand,the balance of supply and demand,and the improvement of the overall service performance of rural science and technology services.It proposes that we should adhere to the principles of inheritance and innovation,government guidance and market mechanism,public welfare and business,science and technology services and other social services.To establish a new multi mode synergetic development framework of rural science and technology services to adapt to the comprehensive,coordinated and sustainable development of China's agriculture and rural economy.Thus the government,non-governmental organizations,leading enterprises,agricultural universities and scientific research institutes should be set up as the service subjects,the science and technology promotion and achievement transformation,information service and technical training as the main contents,and the rural areas,agriculture and farmers as the service objects.The service subjects and modes should be diversified,the service contents and forms should be diversified,the service functions should be specialized and industrialized,and the organizational structure should be networked.The main characteristics of the framework are government leading,social coordination,multi subject division and coordination,competition and cooperation,which complement each other and organically combine the government and social forces.