| The high-consumption and high-investment development mode has driven the rapid growth of China's economy,but it has also spawned many deep-seated problems,which have led to China's economic development facing the dual pressures of excessive energy consumption and serious environmental pollution.Manufacturing is a pillar industry of China's national economy.Its energy consumption accounts for an average of 57.4% of China's total energy consumption annually,and it is also a major source of environmental pollution.The energy endowment of "rich coal,poor oil,and less gas" determines that China's energy landscape will not change in the short term.Improving energy efficiency is the most realistic and important path for the coordinated development of economy,energy,and the environment.Technological progress is the key driving force for long-term energy efficiency improvement.Under open economic conditions,technological progress not only relies on domestic independent R&D,but also mainly originates from international technology spillovers from import trade channels.For China,the world's second largest importer,if imported technology spillovers can be used to promote technological progress and promote continuous improvement in manufacturing energy efficiency,not only can alleviate current energy and environmental pressures,but also help achieve manufacturing intensive development.The existing literature mainly examines the relationship between import trade and energy efficiency from the perspective of opening to the outside world,but the research on the relationship between them based on the perspective of technological progress is rare.Based on the existing research and related theories,this paper studies the effects of product-based import technology spillovers on total factor energy efficiency by using the panel data of Chinese manufacturing industry from 2004 to 2017.The second is to collate the corresponding relationship between the manufacturing sub-industry and the HS-6 bit code products according to the control conversion between the relevant classification standards,and use the L-P model to calculate the technological spillover of 1103 consumer goods,2834 intermediate goods and 672 capital goods from 27 developed countries and 50 developing countries from the total quantity and structure respectively.By using the super-efficiency SBM model which includes non-consensual output,the paper focuses on solving the problem of "slack input or output,consideration of non-consensual output and re-evaluation of efficiency of decision-making units at the same front ",and measures the total factor energy efficiency from three levels:manufacturing industry as a whole,three-factor-intensive industries and sub-industry,and further uses convergence analysis to characterize its dynamic evolution characteristics.Fourth,empirical test of the impact of import technology spillover on total factor energy efficiency.Firstly,the multiple linear regression model is constructed to investigate the direction and intensity of the effect of import technology spillover on total factor energy efficiency.Secondly,the interaction items of import technology spillover with R&D funds and personnel are constructed to investigate its interaction on total factor energy efficiency.Finally,the threshold effects of import technology spillover on total energy efficiency are tested using panel threshold model by technology identification ability,technology digestion ability and technical transformation ability as threshold variables.On the basis of the above analysis,the effect of import technology spillover on the total factor energy efficiency of different markets and different products is further tested.The main findings are:First,China's manufacturing import technology spillover showed a rapid growth.From the market structure,manufacturing import technology spillover mainly comes from developed countries,followed by developing countries;from the product structure,manufacturing import technology spillover mainly comes from intermediate goods,followed by capital goods and consumer goods.Technology-intensive industries are the main acquirers of manufacturing import technology spillover,followed by capital-intensive industries and labor-intensive industries.Second,the overall total factor energy efficiency of China's manufacturing industry,although slightly fluctuating in individual years,has shown an overall upward trend.Among them,the technology-intensive industry has the highest total factor energy efficiency,the capital-intensive industry is in the middle,and the labor-intensive industry is at the lowest level.Thirdly,the international technology spillover of import trade channels has become an important exogenous driving force to promote the total factor energy efficiency of manufacturing industry.Import technology spillover not only produces learning effect through direct technology transfer,obviously promotes the improvement of total factor energy efficiency in manufacturing industry,but also produces good technology interaction with domestic autonomous R&D,and the interaction between the two promotes the improvement of total factor energy efficiency.Fourth,the impact of import technology spillover on total factor energy efficiency has a threshold effect based on technology absorption capacity.Only when the capacity of technology identification and digestion crosses the threshold value,the import technology spillover will obviously promote the total factor energy efficiency.When the technology transformation ability breaks through the single threshold value,the positive import technology spillover effect can be highlighted,and when the double threshold value is broken,the promotion effect of import technology spillover on the total factor energy efficiency will be further enhanced.Fifth,import technology spillover from developed countries has a direct promotion effect on total factor energy efficiency,import technology spillover effect from developing countries is not obvious,but import technology spillover from both countries forms a complementary relationship with autonomous R&D,and interaction promotes the improvement of total factor energy efficiency.Consumer goods,intermediate goods and capital goods import technology spillovers directly enhance the total factor energy efficiency,and consumer goods,capital goods import technology spillovers and R&D funds produced good technology interaction,the total factor energy efficiency performance is positive interaction,and intermediate goods import technology spillovers and R&D personnel interaction to promote the total factor energy efficiency improvement. |
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