Study On The Governance Mechanism And Model Of Urban Villages From The Perspective Of Inclusive Development

Since the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC),CPC has further defined and strengthened strategies in response to the changes unseen in a century,such as Modernization of China's System and Capacity for Governance,NewType Urbanization,Market-Based Allocation of Factors of Production.From a higher starting point of history,Chinese cities,as the engine and driver of comprehensive development of economy,society and culture,bear the responsibility and challenge of responding to the opportunity unseen in a century.Chinese cities' development concept,governance rules,interaction mode and factors activation also grows with the times.However,today,urban development and governance are also restricted by “urban villages”,which is the most complex problem in the city.The land and population,especially the housing problem of the migrant population,and the problems of development and construction in the urban villages,not only restrict the high-quality development of the city for a long time,but also continuously test the governance ability of the city,and put forward higher requirements for urban planning and factors allocation.Back in the old days,urban villages were born in the contradiction between the rapid development of urban economy and the urban-rural dual management system.There were constant conflicts between the local government,the development subject and the village villagers.Considering the current situation,the large-scale migrant population who lack housing and money live in the low-cost illegal rental houses in urban villages,which adds new and difficult variables to the governance of urban villages.These problems not only show that the previous governance of urban villages has been unsustainable,but also puts forward new requirements.The governance of urban villages needs to improve the efficiency of urban village governance and revitalizing the stock of land.it also needs to activate the development vitality of the population,especially the migrant population.From the evolution of governance theory around the world and China's governance ideas and practice,the governance of urban villages has gone from an exclusive stage of incremental development of rapid economic growth to a stage of stock development characterized by inclusiveness,sharing,and coordination and co-governance,and the coexistence of people's livelihoodservices and new kinetic energy.From the perspective of academic research,the governance of urban villages urgently needs to absorb the concept of inclusive development,ensure the co-construction,co-governance and sharing of various stakeholders,and to achieve a comprehensive transformation from concept to path.Therefore,the current research on urban village governance pays much attention to the governance concepts and conceptual frameworks,the behaviors and games of stakeholders,and the public service system under the concept of inclusive development.However,the academic circles emphasize conceptual,macroscopic,and single-angle research,leaving room for research in this article in terms of inclusive development rules,system framework and specific analysis and application,supply and demand structure,balance of interests,and empirical analysis.Facing the theoretical and practical exploration,this study focuses on the research problem of governance mechanism and model of urban villages from the perspective of inclusive development,and puts forward the core question: What does the inclusiveness of urban village governance mean? How to apply the concept of inclusive development to the collaborative governance of villages in cities? The core issues are divided into:(1)What are the definitions,demands,relationships,and behavioral processes of stakeholders in the balance between demand expression and public product supply in the process of urban village governance?(2)What are the core rules and interaction methods of the concept of inclusive development in the governance mechanism of urban villages?(3)What are the strategies and flexibility for inclusive development rules and interactions in solving the non-inclusive problem of migrant renting population that is missing in the current urban village governance model?Following these problems,according to the research idea of "theoretical integration-analysis and reinterpretation-framework reconstruction-policy integration",the study forms the analysis framework.Taking the stakeholders as the node,the framework takes the concept of inclusive development as the main guidance,and integrates it with the collaborative governance theory,stakeholder theory and public goods theory.Using the framework,this study traces the non-inclusive causes of urban villages governance from the problems,and defines the behavior boundaries of stakeholders from classification and identification.Taking the urban village in Hangzhou as the research object,combined with IAD method and case study,this study analyzes the inclusive rules and interaction mode of the urban village governance mechanism,and constructs the inclusive development framework of the urban village governance mechanism.Using the comprehensive method of fs QCA and case study,this study explores the factors affecting the inclusiveness of urban villages governance to migrant population,and forms the suitable urban village governance strategy,and optimizes the governance models.Based on the theoretical and empirical research,this study attempts to put forward the planning of "parallel activation" of population,housing,land,policy,and draw the main conclusions of this study.(1)The focus of non-inclusive governance of urban villagesAt present,urban villages governance pays more attention to the coordination of resettlement and compensation interests for the realization of land economic value.Due to the lack of inclusive supply of public service to the migrant population,the housing,living conditions,and public facilities for migrant population in urban villages have become the focus of non-inclusive governance of urban villages(2)Shallow and deep causes of non inclusiveness in urban village governanceThe shallow reason for the non-inclusive governance of urban villages is the choice contradiction between the stakeholders in the utilization and distribution of urban village land,a resource element.The deep reason for this contradiction comes from the non-inclusive rules caused by the alienation of stakeholders.(3)The breakthrough of non-inclusive governance of urban villagesWith the help of the "return" opportunity of the alienation process of various stakeholders,solving the historical problems,that is,the supply mismatch and spatial imbalance of public services,will help to promote the inclusive development of urban village governance.This depends on the reasonable exchange of self-interest anchoring by the stakeholders of the interdependent urban villages,that is,the behaviors of the stakeholders play their respective roles within a certain boundary.(4)Rules composition of inclusive governance of urban villagesThe key to the inclusiveness of urban village governance lies in the inclusive development of the stakeholders,specifically whether the stakeholders can be treated equally,whether stakeholders have been fully activated,and have obtained sufficient development opportunities,and have enjoyed the results matching its contribution.There are three types of rules: stakeholders' development rules,stakeholders' behavior rules and stakeholders' coordination rules.(5)Inclusive development framework of governance mechanism of urban villagesThis framework takes the inclusive development of the stakeholders as the core goal,takes stakeholders' development rules,stakeholders' behavior rules and stakeholders' coordination rules as the core rules.It also takes the complementation of governance models,co-governance of the stakeholders,and the public service system as specific interactive methods to promote the formation of a set of mutual interactions between the local government,the development subject,the urban villagers,and the migrant population in the governance of urban villages.(6)Governance models of urban villages that is inclusive of the migrant populationPolicy-affordable housing is the most core element that affects the inclusiveness of urban villages governance to the migrant population.The functional of the urban villages is a relatively important core element.Commuter accessibility and supporting facilities are used as auxiliary conditions to help increase inclusiveness.Therefore,the governance strategy of urban villages should be guided by the construction of public service system centered on policy-affordable housing such as blue-collar apartments and public rental housing.At the same time,it takes appropriate diversity and timespace complementation as governance strategies to form three governance models: an economic growth-oriented governance model,a comprehensive economic-socialcultural governance model,and a community housing supply-oriented governance model.Based on the conclusions,this study further puts forward the urban planning scheme for the parallel activation of population,housing,land and policy.The planning aims to promote the new urbanization of the migrant population,and takes the growth and changing needs of the low-and middle-income migrant rental population with their personal economic support capacity as the main planning guidance.The planning is diversified,revitalizes all kinds of urban village land and realizes space-time complementarity.The government and the market provide housing and public services including medical,educational,cultural and other facilities.