| The high-speed rail industry is a typical representative of China's advanced manufacturing industry.Its role in the global market has gradually changed from a follower and challenger to a leader,and it has been upgraded from "Made in China" to "Created in China." As an industry with international competitiveness in the world,China's high-speed rail industry has already entered the world.According to statistics,CRRC's high-speed rail products are distributed in 101 countries on six continents,and the trains produced are currently running in nearly 83% of the countries that have railways.Especially in recent years,with the rapid development of China's high-speed rail construction in the "Belt and Road" countries,China's high-speed rail has become a beautiful business card for "going out".Of course,we must also realize that although China's high-speed rail has taken a place in the global high-speed rail international market competition,it has only a history of more than 20 years due to its late start.In particular,due to the constraints of development models,there are still many development formats.The big shortcomings,which are prominently manifested in the fact that most of the key equipment and parts of China's high-speed rail industry are still restricted by others."Science and Technology Daily" once reported on 35 key technologies of "stuck neck" in my country(1).The key technologies of "stuck neck" severely restricted the technological innovation capability and global competitiveness of my country's high-end manufacturing industry.Two of these 35 key technologies for "stuck neck" are directly related to high-speed rail manufacturing,namely milling cutters and high-end bearing steel.General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized at the second meeting of the Central Committee of Finance and Economics: "Key core technologies are the country's important weapon,which is of great significance to promoting the high-quality development of my country's economy and ensuring national security.It is necessary to effectively improve my country's key core technology innovation capabilities.,To firmly grasp the initiative of scientific and technological development in their own hands,and to provide a strong scientific and technological guarantee for the development of our country."(1)Premier Li Keqiang mentioned the "stuck neck" problem at the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars on September 2,2019,and pointed out that "basic research determines the depth and breadth of scientific and technological innovation in a country,and the problem of " stuck neck " The roots are weak in basic research.Basic research is not stable or firm,which is directly related to the future of China's technological innovation and development."(1)There is still a big gap between China's high-speed rail industry's key equipment and components and high-speed rail powers.The gap is concentrated in the key core technology level representing the key equipment and parts of the high-speed rail industry,which is the shortcoming of the development of China's high-speed rail industry.Therefore,from the perspective of international competitiveness,recognize the key equipment and parts of China's high-speed rail industry The global value chain status of China is of great strategic significance for analyzing the international competitiveness of China's high-speed rail industry.At present,most domestic researches on the international competitiveness of China's high-speed rail industry are conducted at the national level,industrial level,and enterprise level.However,relevant research that can focus on key equipment and parts of the high-speed rail industry is very limited.Of course,from the perspective of international competitiveness,empirical studies on the status of key equipment and components in the high-speed rail industry in the global value chain are even rarer.Based on the analysis perspective of international competitiveness,this paper focuses on exploring the status of China's high-speed rail industry's key equipment and parts in the global value chain as the main line of research,using empirical analysis methods,focusing on the following five aspects to do pioneering research:1.Using multiple indicators of international competitiveness evaluation,the overall evaluation and index measurement of the international competitiveness of key equipment and parts of China's high-speed rail industry are carried out.The research results show that,compared with the 9 types of products of key equipment and parts of China's high-speed rail industry,the international competitiveness of China's high-speed rail shafts,wheels and parts,traffic management equipment and parts and electric locomotives is stronger than that of high-speed rail powers.Compared with European and American high-speed rail powers,the international competitiveness is weaker.2.Choose the export technology complexity(EXPY)measurement method,adopt the import and export data of China's high-speed rail key equipment and parts from 2004 to 2018,and pioneeringly adopt six-digit industry code to subdivide the industry code,and analyze 9 types of key equipment Measure the status of parts and components in the global value chain.The research results show that,regardless of the national level or the industry level,although the global influence of the high-speed rail industry continues to expand,the global value chain status of key high-speed rail equipment and components in China is the lowest among the 10 high-speed rail powers.It also shows that the status of global value chains is not directly related to the level of national economic development,but is directly related to the complexity of export technology.3.Using the export technology complexity(METSI)measurement method and using the export data of China's key high-speed rail equipment and parts from 2004 to2017,it measured the status of China's key high-speed rail equipment and parts in the global value chain of the “Belt and Road” countries.Study the international influence of China's high-speed rail industry development in the "Belt and Road" countries,especially Southeast Asian countries.The research results show that for the “Belt and Road”countries,at the initial stage of China's high-speed rail,China's key high-speed rail equipment and components have a higher position in the global value chain of Malaysia,Singapore,and Thailand,and their international competitiveness is relatively strong.In the development stage of China's high-speed rail,the overall level of China's key high-speed rail equipment and parts in the global value chain of Malaysia,Indonesia,Thailand,and Vietnam has improved,especially in Indonesia and Vietnam.This also fully shows that the influence of China's high-speed rail industry on the "Belt and Road" countries is gradually expanding.4.Using the export technology complexity(METSI)method and using the export data of China's high-speed rail equipment and components from 2004 to 2017,it measures the status of China's high-speed rail key equipment and components in the global value chain of high-speed rail powers,and fully reveals China's high-speed rail The development and evolution of the international competitiveness of key equipment and components gradually becoming stronger.The research results show that: in the two development stages of China's high-speed rail,the status of China's key high-speed rail equipment and parts in the global value chain of different countries has changed,but the overall situation is gradually increasing,and international competitiveness has also increased.5.Using static panel data and dynamic panel data model,the relationship between China's foreign direct investment in the “Belt and Road” countries and high-speed rail powers and the status of China's high-speed rail key equipment and parts in the global value chain was investigated.The research results show that China's foreign direct investment in the “Belt and Road” countries cannot significantly improve the status of China's key high-speed rail equipment and components in the global value chain;China's foreign direct investment in high-speed rail powers can significantly improve China's key high-speed rail equipment and components.Global value chain status.The research also shows that there is an important correlation between foreign direct investment and global value chain status. |
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