Research On Income Distribution Of Rural People’s Communes In Anhua County(1962-1978)

The income distribution of the rural people’s communes can be said to control the grain sacks and money sacks of the vast number of Chinese farmers.From 1962 to 1978,the relatively stable income distribution practice affected the production and life of farmers,and to a large extent determined the development,stability and even survival of rural people’s communes.To find out who participated in the distribution in the practice of distribution,what was distributed,how,the result of the distribution,and what kind of behavior the participants took will undoubtedly help us study the practice of socialist distribution,understand the operating logic of the people ’ s commune,and solve the current situation.The problems in the field of distribution have important academic value and practical significance.This article takes Anhua County,Hunan Province as a case study to find the complex factors that guarantee and affect the distribution practice of the people’s communes from within the rural society,and show how these factors can be creatively used by local governments,grassroots cadres and farmers to respond.People are satisfied with the distribution results,and strive to approach the complex and three-dimensional historical practice of the income distribution of rural people’s communes.From the background point of view,the widespread establishment of rural people’s communes requires the implementation of a corresponding income distribution system.After the initial establishment of this system,it has undergone a series of adjustments.In the1960 s and 1970 s,when political movements were frequent,it maintained amazing stability and ensured the long-term practice of local distribution.Anhua County is a mountainous county with poor resource endowments,more communes under its jurisdiction,and a smaller average production team.The income distribution system implemented here cannot be said to be completely synchronized with the income system formulated by the Party Central Committee,but from the perspective of theoretical origins and practical foundations,or from the establishment and adjustment of the system to the steady implementation of distribution,the main focus is to implement the central policy.Supplemented by retaining certain local characteristics.From the perspective of the income of the people’s commune,it includes the income of the basic accounting unit and the communal and brigade enterprises,and both include the physical objects and the total income.Among them,the income of the basic accounting unit is mainly in kind,mainly including plantation products such as grain,oilseeds,cotton and tea,and agricultural and forestry by-products such as wood,bamboo,pig,palm flakes,and tung oil.The total income is the cash that includes the value of the real thing and the income from the sale of the real thing.The income of community enterprises is mainly based on the cash from selling products.From the perspective of the implementation of distribution,the distribution is organized under the leadership of the production team,and the principle of taking into account the interests of the country,the collective and the individual is mainly adhered to,and the relationship between distribution according to work and distribution according to needs is handled well.From the perspective of the distribution structure,it is mainly divided into three parts:the state,collective retention,and individual.Each part has a different ratio.Specific to the individual part,the distribution is carried out on the family unit.The population size and structure of each family,and the work points obtained by participating in collective labor are the basis for obtaining collective distribution.Work points include three types of production,capital construction,and non-production labor,and there are also special forms such as brigade labor.The production team will carry out daily pre-scores and year-end final accounts distribution,each time according to the work points of each family and the advances and borrowings from the collective to determine the kind and cash that each household should receive.Of course,apart from the distribution system itself,the amount of physical goods and cash that members receive from the collective is also affected by politics,economy,culture,society,and nature.Existing studies often lack attention to this.From the practice of Anhua County,the actual income of each family is affected by political factors such as communal system,political status,and political movements;economic factors such as production input,economic policies,and economic structure;population,clan,interpersonal relations and traditions,etc.Social factors;the influence of natural environmental factors such as land,water conservancy,transportation,disasters,etc.The above-mentioned influence and the inherent shortcomings of the income distribution system of the rural people’s communes have made the income distribution practice of Anhua County unable to achieve the unity of efficiency and fairness.As a result,the overall distribution level is low,the internal income distribution gap is large,and the distribution cannot be fulfilled.Faced with such a situation,the members,the collective,and the county-level government as the representative of the state have all taken corresponding actions to make this income distribution system run for a long time.In this process,the goals of the three are actually unified,and they are all aimed at ensuring and maintaining the normal production and life of farmers.In short,the income distribution practice of rural people ’ s communes under the leadership of the party and the state has had a significant impact both in Anhua and the whole country.On the one hand,it provides primary guarantees for farmers’ lives,maintains basic agricultural production,and guarantees The basic stability of rural society has also provided food and funds for the country’s industrial development.But on the other hand,it also affected the efficiency of agricultural production,restricted the flow of labor,and over-extracted agricultural resources,which had a negative impact on the industrial and agricultural production at that time.From this perspective,the socialist income distribution system cannot be separated from the basic national conditions of our country.It is necessary to vigorously develop the productive forces and persist in guiding the development of rural areas with the people as the center,so as to achieve common prosperity at an early date.