| With the deepening of economic globalization,the agglomeration of economy,industry and population to coastal areas has become a universal law of regional economic distribution.Coastal economic and social development and the ocean have become an organic whole of mutual dependence and influence,and their influence mechanism and complexity are constantly evolving and deepening.In the semi-closed sea area,Marine ecological environment must be considered to study the economic development of bay area,especially the development of bay area relying on semi-closed sea area.Bohai Rim area is one of the three major bay areas in China and plays an important role in national economic and social development.The Bohai Sea is the only semi-closed inland sea in China.From the Year 2001 till now,the environmental protection and comprehensive improvement of Bohai Sea experienced an evolution process of "attaching importance to and starting up-comprehensive implementation-strict control-strategic attack".The governance measures have been strengthened,refined and deepened from scratch,from sea to land,from single to comprehensive.In recent years,bohai ecological environment control and regulation measures are the strictest in history.The high intensity of ecological and environmental regulation is bound to bring pressure to regional economic and social development,especially in recent years,the economic transformation and development process of bohai Rim region lags behind obviously,the economic growth power is insufficient,and the gap with the Yangtze River Delta region keeps widening.The study of Marine environment and economic and social development in bohai Rim region has very typical and representative samples.On the one hand,it is conducive to deepening the theoretical research on Marine environmental regulation and enriching the research cases of Marine environmental regulation and economic development,which has positive theoretical significance.On the other hand,it is of great practical significance to promote the coordinated sustainable development of environmental protection and economy in bohai Rim region,to explore a new path for the high-quality development of regional economy in China,and to provide a new model for the sustainable development and comprehensive management of key bays in China.Taking the Bohai Rim region as the research sample,this paper selects corresponding empirical research models and indicators to analyze the effects of different intensities of Marine environmental regulation policies implemented in different periods since 2006,starting from the central government’s comprehensive governance of the Bohai Sea,especially the "Environment Improving Battle of the Bohai Sea" policy.Respectively to measure ocean environmental regulation policy change on regional sustainable development,the industrial division of labor,the effect of the policy of interregional economic ties,to study the relationship and mechanism of action,on this basis,the construction of double difference model,research the impact of different intensity of Marine environmental regulation policy,industrial division,regional cooperation coordination index of environmental impact and contribution.In view of the general trend of strengthening and expanding Marine environmental regulation in the future,policy suggestions are put forward to promote the sustainable development of the Bohai Rim region by constructing a reasonable long-term mechanism for comprehensive governance of the Bohai Sea,further deepening regional cooperation and optimizing industrial division of labor.This study is divided into seven chapters.Chapter 1 is the introduction.It mainly introduces the background and purpose of the research topic,sorts out the research ideas and framework,summarizes the methods and tools used,and puts forward possible innovations,as well as the difficulties and deficiencies faced.Chapter 2 is the research review and theoretical basis.This paper summarizes the relevant concepts and main theories used in the study,focuses on the main elements of industrial division of labor,regional collaboration,environmental pollution,environmental regulation and other major elements involved in the research and their interrelationships,sorts out the relevant research progress,difficulties and deficiencies at home and abroad,and on this basis,analyzes the internal links,mechanisms of action,and conduction paths of marine environmental regulation,regional division of labor and sustainable development,and puts forward the analysis perspective and research assumptions of this paper.Chapter 3 is an analysis of economic-environmental development and policy evolution in the Bohai Rim region.This paper reviews the basic situation of the Bohai Rim region,sorts out the historical evolution of environmental governance and regional division of labor and cooperation in the Bohai Rim region,and makes a descriptive analysis of the current situation,which is the basis for the empirical analysis in chapters 4-7 below.Chapter 4 is an empirical analysis of the effects of marine environmental regulation policies in the Bohai Rim region.Using the environmental coordination index EHI and system coupling model,the coordination degree of the economic system and environmental system in the Bohai Rim region was calculated by using the economic growth and major marine pollutant emission data of 43 cities at and above the prefecture level and above in the Bohai Rim region from 2006 to 2020,and compared with the time series method and classification method,so as to analyze and verify the policy effects of marine environmental regulation,and obtain the interpreted variables representing sustainable development in the final empirical model.The study found that from 2006 to 2020,the environmental coordination index EHI in the Bohai Rim region was roughly distributed in a "concave" type,of which2006-2010 was a low-level coupling coordination;in 2011-2015,the economic development level index was higher,the coupling degree of the water environment increased,and the water environment quality was at a low level;during the period of2016-2020,due to environmental regulations,the water environment system index increased,and the coupling degree of the two systems decreased,but the degree of coordination increased.It proves that marine environmental regulation plays an important role in enhancing the economic-environmental coordination of the Bohai Rim region.The environmental coordination index in coastal areas is generally better than that in non-coastal areas,but at present,the relatively high emissions and low environmental efficiency of non-coastal cities may become an important factor in increasing the environmental pressure on the Bohai Sea.Chapter 5 is an analysis of the changes in the industrial division of labor in the Bohai Rim region under the influence of marine environmental regulation.On the basis of comprehensive analysis of relevant research methods,the appropriate methods and models are compared and selected,and the changes in the three industrial structure changes and industrial division of labor levels in the "three provinces and two cities" and 43 cities around the Bohai Sea from 2006 to 2020 are empirically analyzed,and the policy effects and influence paths of environmental regulations at different stages and different intensities on the regional industrial structure are deduced.On this basis,we further focus on the eight major manufacturing industries with the most prominent marine environmental impact,study their phased trend changes and their evolution paths,and obtain the relevant explanatory variables for measuring the division of labor in the final empirical model.The main conclusion is that the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei pollution control and the comprehensive management of the Bohai Sea have effectively promoted the division of labor and specialization of industries in the region,and many polluting enterprises in polluting industries have moved out of the area.Among them,the industrial advantage of cities along the Bohai Sea is that the primary industry > the secondary industry > 1.0 > tertiary industry.The regulation of the marine environment in cities along the Bohai Sea should increase efforts to reduce the emission of pollutants from primary production,and at the same time,further enhance the comparative advantages of secondary or tertiary production.Chapter 6 is an analysis of changes in economic linkages in the Bohai Rim region under the influence of marine environmental regulations.Using the gravitational model analysis method,the estimation model of regional economic connection intensity is constructed,and the changes in regional linkage intensity of "three provinces and two cities" and 43 cities in the Bohai Rim region are estimated from the average(median),standard deviation and coefficient of variation over time from the average(median),standard deviation and coefficient of variation over time.On this basis,under the influence of marine environment regulation policies in different periods and intensities,the differences in regional collaboration levels in different regions are compared and analyzed,the laws and paths of regional collaboration level changes are deduced,the policy effects of changes in the intensity of marine environmental regulation are measured,the possible influence mechanisms are analyzed,and the explanatory variables representing regional collaboration in the final empirical model are obtained.The main conclusion is that regional cooperation in the Bohai Rim region generally tends to deepen,and the degree of external relations between cities continues to deepen.In particular,during the period 2016-2020,inter-provincial cooperation has effectively promoted economic linkage activities to break through the restrictions of provincial boundaries.The structure of urban influence differences in the Bohai Rim region evolved into an inverted " Ω " type,converging first and then differentiating,and entering a period of stable fluctuations(deep integration period).However,after 2016,the status of cities along the Bohai Sea in the region tends to weaken and marginalize,and the intensity of regional ties in the peripheral areas of inland cities has increased.The regional collaboration relationship in the Bohai Rim region coincided with the EHI change of the environmental coordination index,especially the difference between the cities along the Bohai Sea and other cities changed by policy shocks,which provided a basis for further analysis using quasi-natural experiments(double difference).Chapter 7 is an empirical analysis of the impact of marine environmental regulation and regional division of labor on sustainable development in the Bohai Rim region.Using quasi-natural experimental ideas,a double difference model is constructed,and the static balance short-panel data of 43 cities(n=43)in the Bohai Rim region from 2006 to 2020(T=16)is used to estimate and test the impact coefficients of industrial division of labor indicators and regional economic linkage indicators on regional sustainable development indicators before and after the implementation of the bohai sea environmental comprehensive management policy,and measure the effects,mechanisms and paths of industrial division of labor and regional collaboration on regional sustainable development under the production of marine environmental regulations of different intensities.The main conclusions are that the comprehensive improvement policy of the Bohai Environment implemented during the "13th Five-Year Plan" period has significantly improved the environment of the Bohai Sea and promoted the sustainable development of the Bohai Rim region by influencing the industrial division of labor,regional cooperation and economic ties in different types of areas(cities along the Bohai Sea and other cities).Second,under the Bohai Sea governance policy,the role of industrial division of labor in promoting regional sustainable development has been strengthened.At the same time,after the implementation of the policy,the impact of secondary industry location business on the environmental coordination index has been reduced by half compared with before the implementation,and the environmental friendliness has been improved.Third,under the Bohai Sea governance policy,the role of regional collaboration in supporting regional sustainable development has been strengthened.The weakening of the impact of regional linkage intensity on the environmental coordination index indicates that the benefits of non-Bohai cities are more pronounced.Chapter 8 is the findings and policy recommendations.The main conclusion is that the regulation of the marine environment has significantly improved the marine environment and promoted sustainable regional development by influencing the division of industrial structure and regional cooperation relationships in different types of areas(cities along the Bohai Sea and other cities).The Bohai Rim region is striving to change the traditional low-efficiency-high pollution development path and move towards high-quality coordinated development of specialization and ecology.Second,the environmental governance of the Bohai Sea needs to be further strengthened,and the task of restoration and treatment is still arduous,and it will become a normalized measure in the future.Third,the regulation of the marine environment has obviously affected the division of labor and specialization of industries in the Bohai Rim region,but while the manufacturing outflow area with high emissions is outside the area,industrial upgrading has not kept up;the comparative advantage of primary production is the highest,but the problem of high emissions is not paid enough attention.Fourth,the environmental governance of the Bohai Sea has promoted the improvement of the level of urban collaboration in the Bohai Rim region,but the collaboration between the three major plates is not deep enough.The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region has a high level of industrial specialization and strong regional ties;the economic ties between the Liaodong Peninsula and the Shandong Peninsula and other regions are weak,and the support of the ocean to the coastal areas is obviously weakened;environmental protection policies do not pay enough attention to inland areas,which will also affect the long-term effect of the policy.Fifth,whether it is environmental governance or industrial development,regional cooperation exists in the problem,is a problem in development,in the process of development,to solve the means of development.The comprehensive management of the Bohai Sea is a relatively good policy tool,and this policy should be continuously optimized and adjusted to better promote the high-quality and sustainable development of the region.The innovation points of this study are mainly reflected in the following aspects:Firstly,based on the impact of the comprehensive environmental governance policy of the Bohai Sea on the Bohai Rim region,the evaluation model of the impact of the marine environmental regulation in the Bohai Rim region is constructed,and the impact of the Bohai Sea environmental regulation on the industrial division of labor,regional collaboration and sustainable development of the region is analyzed.Compared with the traditional correlation analysis method,the test results of quasi-natural experiments are relatively more reliable,and the results obtained in this paper can usefully supplement the previous research results.Secondly,using the interdisciplinary research methods of economics and environmental economics,using analysis tools such as systematic coupling analysis,location quotient,gravitational model,and double difference,the impact of marine ecological environment regulation on regional industrial division of labor and sustainable economic development was analyzed from multiple angles.At present,there are more analyses in the field of environmental governance and ecological civilization,but the analysis of the impact on regional sustainable development and industrial division of labor and collaboration caused by this is not enough;some relevant studies in regional economics have not paid attention to the impact of environmental regulation,but there is not much attention to the impact of marine ecological environment,especially the breadth and depth of understanding of the impact of marine environmental governance on the development of coastal areas,this study strives to start from the perspective of combining environmental science and regional economics.Deepen the study of the coordinated development of the two.Thirdly,using some first-hand data to refine the analysis accuracy to the prefecture-level cities and major polluting industries of the Bohai Rim in the empirical evidence,which is more refined than previous studies,which is conducive to a more accurate assessment of the current situation of marine environmental governance in the Bohai Rim region and targeted countermeasures.At present,the water pollution discharge data at the prefectural and municipal levels in China have not been uniformly accounted for and disclosed,and some provinces have published individual emission data according to the actual situation in the statistical yearbook.The statistics and publication of industrial data at the prefectural and municipal levels are different,and the statistical caliber of different years may also change.Therefore,most of the analysis of the relationship between environmental pollution and economic development can only stay at the inter-provincial level,which greatly restricts the accuracy and pertinence of the research results.With the help of various channels,the author obtained the main pollutant discharge data in the wastewater of43 cities around the Bohai Rim during the study period,and collected the data of key industries of marine pollution emissions in various cities around the Bohai Rim,some of which have not been found to be used in relevant academic studies,which has played an important role in improving the accuracy of the research effect and improving the pertinence of policy recommendations.There are still some shortcomings in this study,mainly two: Firstly,the availability of some data and data is not strong,which limits the realization of the optimal goal of some research contents.For example,at present,some policy documents in the field of environmental protection in China are not open to the public,and policy measures are scattered in various departments such as governments at all levels and the ecological environment,natural resources,development and reform,agriculture and rural areas,oceans,fisheries,etc.,and the local level is more dispersed,so in the process of sorting out environmental regulation policies,it is likely that some important measures cannot be obtained through open channels,and it is difficult to make quantitative calculations of vertical and horizontal coordination of policies;there may also be problems such as incomplete access to policies and measures issued by local governments.In addition,since the data of the second national pollution source census are not all made public,only the list of the top 8 major industries in marine pollution emission ranking can be obtained from the census bulletin,but the changes in the emission rates of relevant industries cannot be obtained,and if this problem can be solved,the accuracy of the empirical results can be further improved.Secondly,there is room for further expansion of the depth of experiments.In this paper,quasi-natural experiments with policy shocks are selected for analysis and estimated by double differential models.In this paper,the influence of individual heterogeneity on the model is effectively excluded by the comparison of OLS model,fixed-effect model and random effect model,and the robustness of experimental results is effectively guaranteed by parallel trend hypothesis testing and counterfactual testing.However,this paper is mainly based on the traditional short-panel fixed effect double differential model analysis,if you can use some newer econometric models,you can get more new or more in-depth research results from different perspectives,which will also be the direction of further deepening research. |
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