Urban Environmental Risk Pattern Construction And Application In Territorial Planning

The new era of ecological civilization is the basis of the territorial spatial planning.Novel theoretical methods are urgently needed to expand and optimize territorial spatial planning in accordance with the new era.There is a complex interconnected relationship between the territorial space development and ecological environment risk.Irrational layout and over-development of territorial space will lead to the destruction of ecological environment,and the deterioration of ecological environment will restrict the economic,social and ecological benefits of the territorial space development.Therefore,it is necessary to integrate the identification of ecological and environmental risks in the process of territorial space planning,and design the spatial land use in advance through ecological and environmental risk assessment to reduce the environmental governance cost.Ecological environmental is a complex ecological system which involves different mediums.At different spatial scales,multiple methods should be applied to predict risk patterns.Atmospheric environment,water environment and soil environment are the basis for the survival of all organisms,and it is the complete system of territorial space.This paper focuses on the environmental quality risk of territorial space from the perspective of spatial patterns,which included the atmospheric environmental quality risk,the non-point source environmental quality risk and the soil heavy metal pollution risk,which all belong to regional ecological environmental risk.In this paper,the Environmental Risk Pattern Construction and Application system(ERPCA)at the urban scale was established.By defining the research scope of different environmental mediums,this paper involves the fields of environmental planning,landscape ecology,risk management,urban planning and other multidisciplinary theories.A theoretical system of environmental risk pattern was built in terms of“environmental problem determination-landscape process-pattern risk evaluation and characterization-urban planning and risk control”.The method included 3 parts,(I)risk identification and spatial construction,(II)risk assessment and related characterization and(III)planning optimization and risk control,which were divided into five steps:regional environmental problem identification,risk analysis,risk pattern construction,risk evaluation,risk pattern correlation analysis,layout plan and risk management.Among them,the construction of environmental risk spatial pattern in different mediums is the core of the research method.Using the "source-flow-sink" analysis framework throughout the whole research process,the risk source patches were expressed by different landscape patterns,considering atmospheric pollution,non-point source pollution of water environment and soil heavy metal pollution risk influencing factors,coupled with the risk receptors to form different environmental risk patterns.Combined with other factors,the risk pattern was analyzed to verify its accuracy.Taking Shanxi Yuncheng,an inland city in northern China,as an example to construct the environmental risk pattern at the spatial levels of atmosphere,water and soil.The method of Environmental Risk Pattern Construction and Application(ERPCA)at the urban scale was innovatively constructed and put into practice.The results show that the atmospheric environment risk of Yuncheng city is distributed in different districts and counties,and the risk value is high in Hejin city,Jishan County,Xinjiang County,northwest of Jiang County,central of Wenxi County and central of Salt Lake District.The high non-point source risk of Yuncheng is distributed along Fen River,Sushui River and Boqing River,showing obvious regional characteristics.Soil heavy metal high risk is mainly distributed in the northern part of Yuncheng and central Sushui river basin,including Wenxi county,Jiang county,Xia county,Linyi county,Salt Lake district and Yongji city.By integrating the ecological environmental spatial pattern related planning,the paper proposed the matrix coupling strategy of environmental risk pattern with "double evaluation" and hierarchical coupling strategy with "Three lines and one list".Based on the results of environmental risk assessment,a dual system layout planning and risk management control has been formed,based on the principles of spatial development and governance separately,which could be a link between environmental risk and spatial planning.