The Institutional Logic Of Endogenous Power Of Rural Human Settlements Construction

China’s development experience shows that "reform is the biggest dividend".As Zhang Wuchang said,"China’s reform is in line with the law of new institutional economics".As a national behavior and social activity,China’s rural construction is inevitably affected by the reform.Therefore,grasping the profound laws behind the phenomenon of rural construction,exploring the essential causes of rural construction problems,and searching for the solutions to rural construction problems from the perspective of new institutional economics are the important contents of this paper.All along,"agriculture,rural areas and farmers" have been the stabilizer and ballast of China’s economic crisis.In 2021,China will embark on a new journey of building a modern socialist country.The outline of the "fourteenth five year plan " points out that we should "implement rural construction and put rural construction in an important position of socialist modernization".However,China’s rural construction is facing urban-rural differences and regional differences.In the process of comprehensively promoting rural revitalization and implementing rural construction,we need to make up for the weaknesses of rural construction and gradually solve the problem of unbalanced development.For the rural areas of the central-western regions,it is important to strive for the support of external forces such as financial capital and social capital,but financial capital can not guarantee the continuous and balanced investment,and the "nature" of social capital for profit determines that its goal is not always consistent with rural revitalization.Therefore,stimulating the endogenous power of rural construction is an important breakthrough to solve the problem.But what kind of power is "endogenous power" ? What role can this power play? How can this power be aroused?In order to answer these questions,this paper discusses the institutional logic of stimulating endogenous power in rural human settlement construction,based on the theoretical perspective of new institutional economics.It has practical significance for consolidating the achievements of poverty alleviation,comprehensively promoting the Rural Revitalization Strategy,and coping with the new round of globalization crisis.In order to achieve the above research purposes,this paper adopts the method of combining case study and comparative research.Just as Coase said,"The study of economics in the real world should focus on empirical research and inductive methods,and should objectively study the actual work of certain activities in various systems,so as to discover the general principles that can guide us how to organize and manage various activities".Since 2017,the author has visited dozens of villages in the Yangtze River Delta,Pearl River Delta and central and western regions in order to find village examples that can not only observe the actual operation of rural human settlements construction activities under different systems,but also induce the internal system logic of stimulating the endogenous power through empirical research.The author selected four ordinary villages in Chengdu-Chongqing region as the case study objects,they were undergoing reform and construction,and they were easy for the author to observe over time.These villages include Baimu Village of Chengdu’s Pidu district,Xiguan Village of Bishan District of Chongqing,and the key villages of "Three Changes" reform in Bishan District,Shiya Village and Lianhuba Village.These four villages enable the author to distinguish between government governance and market governance,observe the actual operation of rural human settlements construction activities,and induce the institutional logic of endogenous motivation.This study mainly includes the following contents.First of all,establishing the theoretical basis of "endogenous power" : the theory of new institutional economics is used to explain the research problem,the endogenous power is interpreted as a village collective action based on villagers’ cooperation,and this chapter also explains the connotation,characteristics and resistance of "endogenous power".Secondly,Analysis on the theory of the "stimulate endogenous power" : based on the theory of social cost,this paper interprets the essence of the problem of motivating the endogenous motivation,and stimulates that the resistance of motivating the endogenous motivation lies in the cost of the cooperation between people,and then puts forward four mechanisms that can control the cost of the cooperation: convergence mechanism,information exchange mechanism,trust mechanism,supervision and punishment mechanism.Third,the historical research part: this chapter studies the historical context of the evolution of endogenous impetus in rural human settlements construction activities in China,and analyzes the positive impact of the reform on the stimulation of endogenous impetus since entering the period of rural revitalization.Fourth,a case study of government governance path: it discusses the non-cooperation logic of Xiguan villagers under the conventional mechanism of human settlement environment improvement,and the institutional logic of Baimu villagers’ cooperation under the financial system innovation.Fifth,a case study of the market governance path: taking Lianhuba Village as an example,it discusses the villagers’ non-cooperation logic under the "three changes" reform led by the government and market subjects.Taking Shiya village as an example,this chapter discusses the institutional logic of promoting villagers’ cooperation under the benefit connection mechanism of self-construction priority.The finding of this reasch are as follows:From the perspective of the social cost theory of the new institutional economics,whether it is government governance or market governance,the key to stimulate endogenous power is to control the transaction cost of cooperation between the participants.The institutional logic of Baimu village under government governance is that the change of village power order leads to cooperation.The institutional logic of Shiya village under market governance is that the change of village interest order leads to cooperation.Moreover,the relationship order plays an important role in maintaining village social cooperation.In addition,the formation of the four mechanisms promoting cooperation is the result of the combined action of the internal and external factors,institutional and non-institutional factors of the village.Through the comparative study on the influencing factors of endogenous motivation in Baimu village and Shiya village,it is found that the external formal system,the informal system of rural society and the village elite are the three main factors.