Research On Design Of Prefabricated Steel Structure Residence Based On DFMA

At present,the China’s construction industry is changing from the past extensive construction management mode to the industrialization of new buildings.Vigorously developing prefabricated buildings is an important measure to further improve the scientific and technological level of the construction industry.However,there are remain kinds of problems in the process of "production-transportation-manufacturing" of prefabricated buildings,such as lack of understanding,insufficient experience accumulation,insufficient design coordination and low work efficiency,which restrict the development of prefabricated buildings.Taken the design of fabricated steel structure residence as the research object,this paper follows the logic of "raising problems-analyzing problems-solving problems".The main problem to be solved in this paper is how to fully put the requirements of easy manufacturing,transportation and assembly of building components into consideration in the design stage of prefabricated steel structure residence to achieve the goal of improving quality,reducing cost and increasing efficiency by reasonable design.In the process of "analyzing problems",firstly,the theory and technology of DFMA(Design for Manufacturing and Assembly),which is widely used in advanced manufacturing industry,are introduced,and the key points of design for manufacturing and assembly in manufacturing industry are discussed.This paper analyzes the research and application of DFMA in the construction industry,and briefly describes the system theory,industrial integration theory,constructability theory and open architecture theory.Then it analyzes the composition of "four systems" of fabricated steel structure,as residential structure,peripheral protection,equipment pipeline and interior decoration.Based on the data obtained from the survey,the cost of fabricated steel structure residential buildings is analyzed to get the cost proportion of each component,which is conducive to the follow-up research work.According to the method of implementing DFMA in manufacturing industry,the whole process of design planning,component production,logistics transportation and construction assembly of prefabricated steel structure residence is analyzed and investigated.In the production and manufacturing stage,it focuses on the production and manufacturing process of steel structural components,integral wallboard,ALC board and integrated bathroom,and summarizes the influencing factors of manufacturing-oriented design(DFM).Through the field investigation of several domestic fabricated steel structure residential projects,the understanding of the construction and assembly process of building structure,peripheral protection,equipment pipeline and interior decoration system is deepened,and the influencing factors of assembly-oriented design(DFA)are summarized.The influencing factors of DFMA obtained by direct reference and transformation from the manufacturing industry,investigation and interview from the "productiontransportation-construction" process and literature analysis are combined and screened,19 factors affecting the design and manufacturing of residential structures are determined through the investigation of experts.Using decision laboratory method and interpretive structure model method(DEMATEL-ISM)to analyze these factors,we can intuitively understand the importance,influence mechanism and hierarchical relationship of these factors in the analysis results,which is helpful to understand and grasp the problems from a macro perspective in research and practice.In the "problem solving" stage,analyzing the influencing factors of DFMA in deep,middle and shallow layers to put forward the strategies of further formulating and improved the relevant standards and specifications,raising the technical level of designers,promoting the rationality of technology selection in planning and design;advancing the informatization degree of the whole process during the project implementation,strengthening the coordination of professional work,elevating the standardization,conciseness and refinement of the building in the design,enhancing the rationality of component disassembly design and component selection,polishing up the standardization and integration of components,minimizing the number and type of components,and bettering the connection ease of components.The manufacturing capacity of the factory shall be considered in the design,and it is necessary to effectively control the size,weight and shape of components according to the requirements of production,manufacturing,transportation,hoisting and construction assembly.In order to make the research results more operational,the method of developing DFMA guidelines to conduct product design in the manufacturing industry is used for reference.Based on the previous research work,this paper puts forward DFMA guidelines for prefabricated steel structure residence from the aspects of architecture,structure,equipment,interior and deepening design,hoping to provide some reference for the design of steel structure residence for manufacturing and assembly.The DFMA checklist is also tried to be developed in the study,which can be used as a tool for rapid evaluation and optimization design.It is hoped that the exploration and research work of this paper can play a positive role in improving the design level of prefabricated steel structure residence,improving the overall construction efficiency of the project,reducing construction cost and improving construction quality.