Research On Fishery Development Model Of Taihu Lake

Taihu Lake is one of the five famous freshwater lakes in China.Taihu Lake has a vast surface and rich nature resources,especially fishery resources.According to the records of the Taihu Lake fish records,there are 107 species of fish in Taihu Lake,belonging to 14 orders and 23 families.After the founding of the people’s Republic of China,the fishery in Taihu Lake has developed rapidly.Thanks to the reform and opening up,the fishery in Taihu Lake has developed rapidly.In the 1980 s and 1990 s,the development of fishery in Taihu Lake made great contributions to solving the problem of "fish-eating" difficulties.However,since entering the new century,the depletion of aquatic biological resources and poor water ecology in Taihu Lake have worried everyone.China is promoting the great protection strategy of the Yangtze River and implementing a 10-year fishing ban.Before the implementation of the Yangtze River protection strategy and the 10-year fishing ban,there was a trend of the depletion of fishery resources and the deterioration of the water area ecology in Taihu Lake.Our team’s previous research manifest that the cause of the contradiction between the development of Taihu Lake’s fisheries and economic and social development,that is,the conflict between the utilization of fishery resources and the objectives of water environment management,is not only the imbalance of fishery management,but also the disharmony between Taihu Lake’s fishery development mode,the organizational form of fishery production and management,the objectives of fishery management and the policy means of fishery resources management.The high operating cost of the system and the difficulty in achieving the objectives of fisheries management in Taihu Lake are also very important reasons.Therefore,under the guidance of the high-quality economic development concept of "Lucid waters and lush mountains are also mountains of gold and silver",this paper mainly focuses on the exploration and research of the new model of fishery development in Taihu Lake after the implementation of a 10-year fishing ban in the Yangtze River Basin(including Taihu Lake),promoting the optimal combination and integration of Taihu Lake fishery development model,fishery production and management organization form and fishery management policy tools,and also restoring the Taihu civilization of the former land of fish and rice.At the same time,Taihu Lake will provide green support for the high-quality economic development environment,biology and water resources of the Yangtze River Delta.Based on the on-the-spot follow-up investigation of Taihu Lake’s fishery resources,fishery production and management status,this study comprehensively and deeply studied Taihu Lake’s fishery resources and water ecological status,fishery production and management organization,Taihu Lake’s fishery management system and policy measures,Taihu Lake’s fishery development goal change process,fishery status and existing problems.Firstly,the paper summarizes the existing literature on fishery resources economics,fishery economic growth and fishery development theory,fishery resources property rights and fishery economic organization system,as well as the theory of ecological priority sustainable development,and constructs the theoretical analysis framework of institutional choice of Taihu Lake fishery management by using the institutional change theory of the new institutional economics school and the characteristics and gains and losses theory of Bromley’s institutional change model.Secondly,on the basis of comprehensive investigation and mastering more detailed information,this paper studies the historical evolution of Taihu Lake fishery management organization system change mode,Taihu Lake fishery development mode and Taihu Lake fishery development goal,summarizes the evolution process and characteristics of fishery organization system,development mode and development goal,as well as the constraints on the realization of high-quality fishery development,and explores the framework of institutional change analysis based on this research,Analyze the mechanism and logical relationship between Taihu Lake fishery economic organization and Taihu Lake fishery management system change,and provide a theoretical basis for the innovation of Taihu Lake fishery new development model.Thirdly,this paper uses DEA analysis method to analyze the fishery efficiency of Qiandao Lake,Luoma Lake,Hongze Lake,Gaobao Shaobo lake and Taihu Lake in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River from 2007 to 2020,and makes a vertical(dynamic)comparative analysis of the efficiency of these five lakes by using Malmquist index.Theoretically,this paper explains the welfare transformation under the market model of the fishery development models of Taihu Lake and Qiandao Lake,compares the economic efficiency of the fishery development models of Taihu Lake and Qiandao Lake,and tests the economies of scale of the fishing Fisheries of Taihu Lake and Qiandao Lake through quantitative models and empirical studies.Fourthly,according to the logic of institutional change,this paper makes an in-depth analysis of the relationship between the goal pursuit of the subject of institutional change,the allocation of policies and measures,and the management organization,and tentatively designs a high-quality sustainable development model of Taihu Lake fisheries in the future from the perspective of minimizing the transaction cost(system operation cost).Finally,by using the empirical research methods of comparative and quantitative models,this paper compares and analyzes the reasons,conditions,efficiency and possible risks of the innovation of Qiandao Lake fishery development model,tests the efficiency of Taihu Lake and Qiandao Lake Fishery through the model,and constructs a fishery model suitable for the high-quality development of Taihu Lake after the 10-year fishing ban.Based on the above research and analysis,the main results and conclusions of this paper include the following points.1.The static analysis results of fishery efficiency of Qiandao Lake,Luoma Lake,Hongze Lake,Gaobao Shaobo lake and Taihu Lake in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River from 2007 to 2020 show that Qiandao Lake has the best efficiency.2.Economies of scale are the economic reasons that affect the changes in the form of fisheries organizations,while management systems are the means to maintain economic benefits and organizational models.Taihu fishery is mainly carried out by single or double vessels,resulting in a large amount of transaction costs to reach a consensus on the fishing location,timing,distribution of fishing products,and to supervise the degree of effort in the fishing process.The economies of scale of fishing operations are low.Qiandao Lake adopts the giant net fishing mode of large-scale group fishing with several ships or even dozens of ships working together.It has the characteristics of small damage to fishing objects,controllable fishing specifications,and high single net output.It not only has a strong function for resource conservation and protection,but also has a higher scale economic benefit than the family economic organization form dominated by single boat operation implemented in Taihu Lake.3.It is necessary to explore the fishery development mode in Taihu Lake area.After the fishing ban,the development of Fisheries in Taihu Lake should adhere to the basic principles of the development of the Yangtze River economic belt,adhere to the ecological protection of Taihu Lake,the protection and comprehensive utilization of aquatic biological resources,adhere to ecological priority,green development,adaptation to local conditions,and scientific and technological guidance,and explore a high-quality green development path that coordinates the ecological protection of water areas and fishery production.The strategic goal of fishery development in Taihu Lake should serve the governance goal of Taihu Lake’s ecological environment,and take the path of giving priority to ecology and quality.The development path of Taihu Lake fishery is to implement "water conservation fishery",that is,the fishery resource structure and fishery scale(stock and annual catch)of Taihu Lake in the future are scientifically set based on the goal of water quality control.In the process of development,first of all,we should redefine and strengthen the function of Taihu Lake fishery management committee in charge of Taihu Lake fishery resources management,so as to ensure the realization of the strategic goal of Taihu Lake "water conservation fishery".Secondly,it is necessary to change the functional structure of the Taihu fishery management committee and formulate fishery resource management strategies to support the implementation of "Water Conservation Fisheries" based on the scientific relationship between fish and water.Finally,change the current situation of the single administrative function of Taihu fishery management committee,establish a quantitative index system of fishery resources management based on science,scientifically match fishery management policies,improve the collective effect of policy tools,and promote the innovation of Taihu fishery production and management organization.4.It is necessary to build a new organizational form of fishery production and management in Taihu Lake.This paper suggests that in the future,Taihu Lake fishing industry can authorize exclusive(monopoly)or several companies(oligarchs)to operate on a large scale,implement the operation mode of state-owned companies with traditional fishermen as the main body or take shares in joint-stock enterprises(identity,fishing gear,technology,capital),and build a fishery development mode of commercial livelihood fishery coordination dominated by commercial fisheries.To develop commercial fisheries,the fishing operation right of Taihu Lake can be granted to exclusive or multiple state-owned companies.Taihu Lake covers two provinces and four cities,and the company can be invested by Jiangsu provincial investment company,with the participation of municipal companies.The defect of this model is that the state-owned enterprises operate exclusively,and the operators are at high risk,and due to the need for cross provincial coordination,it is difficult to organize and coordinate.From the perspective of fishery development,this business model is conducive to shaping the fishery brand of Taihu Lake,improving economies of scale,and realizing the organic integration of three industries.