A Study On Chinese Language Spread In Northern Vietnam

In the 21st century,the spread of Chinese in northern Vietnam is beneficial to the communication among the ethnic groups of Vietnam and China,which contributes to the friendly relationship and the mutually harmonious development of the two nations.In the meantime,along with the fast-growing pace of China economy,northern Vietnam with its underdeveloped economy and bounded by ranges of mountains timely catches up with the projects to promote the two economies,helping to spread Chinese and make Chinese "hotter" than ever in northern Vietnam.However,language policy,"three teachings" and types of learners’ Chinese learning motivation are the key to the speed and sustainable development of Chinese.These are also three main points which are to be discussed in this paper.In order to increase the scientific and objective aspects of this study,the combination of literature review method,questionnaire survey method,field survey method,macro-micro comprehensive analysis method,interview method,quantitative and qualitative methods are employed.The overall situation of Chinese language spread in northern Vietnam is analyzed from a comprehensive survey of language ecology,language communication theory,language vitality,Chinese spread channels,Chinese language institutions,Chinese language curriculum,Chinese language training objectives,Chinese learning motivations,three teachings and other surveys,combined with the exchange of economy,education,culture and politics of northern Vietnam with China’s.This study is divided into six chapters with the following main contents:Chapter 1 states the rationale and significance of "the study of language spread in northern Vietnam";introduces northern Vietnam geography,people’s condition,explains and summarizes research achievements and reviews of theories related to language spread,language spread vitality,Chinese learning motivations and Chinese language spread all over the world.Chapter 2 presents Chinese language spread history and channels in Vietnam at ancient times.The spread history consists of three periods which are before 1945,from 1945 to 1979,and from 1991 up to now.This study based on this background explores the main factors of the current Chinese language spread development in northern Vietnam,simultaneously employs literature review method to point out the opportunities and challenges of Chinese language institutions,Chinese language curriculum,Chinese language training objectives,language policies,Chinese language spread,and the relationship and existing issues between Chinese language spread and local economy,tourism,education development.Chapter 3 is based on the motivation theory of Doynei(2011)with 41 questionnaires which investigate the types of Chinese learning motivation and weakening learners’ learning motivation factors.The investigating contents are mainly about the different types of Chinese learning motivation in northern Vietnam according to ages,years of learning,genders,ethnic groups,personality traits,family background.At the same time,a qualitative survey of individual Chinese learners is conducted through the use of tracking and interviewing methods.Chapter 4 studies the three teachings of Chinese in northern Vietnam,analyzing Chinese teacher qualifications,including recruitment system,teacher training,workload and welfare,Chinese textbook using situation and characteristics,Chinese teaching method application situation,finally applying analytic hierarchy process to analyze the main factors affecting the three teachings,using the literature review method,questionnaire survey method and analytic hierarchy process to investigate and analyze teachers,teaching materials and teaching methods,and shows the current situation of Chinese three teachings.Chapter 5 is about the analysis of Chinese learning in northern Vietnam from the spread strategies and development directions of Chinese learning motivations,three teachings;suggests solutions to the current issues of Chinese language spread,and specific sustainable strategies and opinions.Northern Vietnam is increasingly cooperating with China in various fields.Furthermore,Vietnamese government plans to include Chinese into the national education system.Chinese is now taught from 3rd grade together with English in many primary schools in northern Vietnam,which is a favorable channel for Chinese language spread.This study indicates that“Grid structure model”is the best for a sustainable development of Chinese language spread in northern Vietnam because of three factors which are Chinese basic education and national education system,Chinese short-term training in private schools forming the combined strength with public schools,and responding effects from television,internet and social networks.These three factors form a perfect and concrete development model as the tower top is the government plays the role of top-level design guidance,the tower body is all of the local education units implement the goals set by the top,and the tower base is all of the bottom education institutions implement Chinese spread mission.Finally,the main factors which affect and drive Chinese language spread forward in northern Vietnam are the demand for exchange of economy,culture,and politics between China and Vietnam in recent years.It is pointed out from the study that the formation of Chinese language spread in northern Vietnam is built on the cooperation demand between the two nations.Based on this,this paper constructs a"demand determinism model" theory for international Chinese spread,which is the demand for economic,political and cultural exchange,driving the learning motivations of Chinese learners,promoting the development of local Chinese teaching,determining the trend of Chinese language spread and business operation.This theory also summarizes the inner development rules of Chinese "weak circle";points out that Chinese is up to now an indispensible language for the exchange of trade,tourism,culture,and politics between northern Vietnam and China;and verifies the main factors of Chinese vitality in this area which are(1)the increasing fields of cooperation between northern Vietnam and China,(2)the support for Chinese language spread in northern Vietnam by Vietnamese government,(3)China power continuous growth,and(4)Chinese language value itself.This paper is about Chinese language spread in northern Vietnam.It can be referred for China in promoting and driving Chinese language spread strategies in the future,and for Chinese language spread in other Chinese "weak circle" and underdeveloped areas,further contributing to Chinese international spread theory and international Chinese spread development.