Investigation And Research On The Literature Of Ruka Dongba Of The Naxi Nationalit

Ruka is the name of a branch of Naxi ethnic group,with a small population and relatively concentrated distribution.The language,music and dance,religious classics and soul-sending routes of the Ruka branch are obviously different from other branches of Naxi ethnic group,with prominent characteristics.Based on the field investigation of the Ruka branch in Naxi people,this paper classifies the Dongba literature,catalogues it in a four-contrast way and makes a summary.This paper reviews the preservation of Dongba literature,the translation and interpretation of key documents,and the cultivation of the inheritors of Ruka Dongba culture,as well as the study of language and characters,in an attempt to present an accurate picture of the social culture of Ruka and the culture of Doumba,some protective suggestions are put forward for the inheritance of Ruka Dongba culture.This paper is divided into five chapters to sort out and study the Dongba culture and literature of Ruka branch of Naxi ethnic group.The first chapter is an overview of Naxi Ruka branch production,life and culture.Ruka region culture is brilliant,Ruka Dongba culture has a good heritage,Out of a total population of more than 7,000 in the Ruka branch,we found 124 Dongba,although there will be some Partial omission in the investigation process,but from the number of people that have been investigated,Ruka branch 1.77% of the population belongs to the Ruka Dongba.Each household in Ruka village needs to do at least two or more ceremonies a year,and the more ancient folk festivals are kept in daily life.Ruka folk dwellings in Ruka area can be divided into The first generation of residential first-floor wooden houses,second-floor wooden houses,wood-stone houses and the second generation of residential brick-wood structure tile houses.In general,Ruka dwellings are closely related to the geographical environment and climate temperature.Ruka farming culture mainly relies on the strength of cattle and horses,supplemented by human labor for production and farming.Diet is related to agricultural planting,climate temperature and distance from Tibetan areas.Ruka songs and dances vary greatly from place to place,with "Akabala","Jinzuo" and "Womengda" having their own characteristics.In terms of costume culture,such as traditional Jangdan Mabu Yi,sheepskin jacket,Ninglang Tibetan costume and "Mosuo" Style women’s costume,show their glory.In terms of cultural inheritance of Dongba,this study starts with the study of the existing Dongba in Ruka area,and records and preservers the names,ages,tutors,literature collections and the rituals they are good at,and records and displays the well-preserved Dongba rituals in each township.The second chapter is the classification and cataloguing of Ruka Dongba literature.In baidi dongba script for different usage,divided into s（?）³³（?）i（?）³³（斯久）与py²¹（?）i（?）³³（布久）,Si Jiu refers to the which is used to write folk the literature,Dongba script,Bujiu refers to the Dongba script in which religious documents are written.The Dongba literature in Ruka area can be roughly divided into two categories:religious literature and applied literature.This chapter has sorted out the existing category introduction and publication of the two major types of literature in Ruka,A number of unpublished scripture postscript and applied literature have been published.A total of 124 volumes of Dongba Canon and the existing applied literature are cataloged in the representative Labo Township of Ninglang County.From the contents of literature collection,classification and cataloguing,it can be seen that there are still many sets of complete Dongba scriptures and documents corresponding to rituals which are only used in Ruka branch.Except the unique Dongba literature of Ruka,the rest Dongba literature is shared with the Naxi branch.However,there are obvious differences in the ways of naming scriptures,the specific contents of some scriptures,and the selection of scriptures for the same ceremony.As in the named way,Genesis,Ruka branches named so³³so⁵⁵khu³³;Naxi branch named thv³³（?）o²¹.kaitanjing,Ruka branch named hɑ³³nɑ³³gv³³;The Naxi branch called py²¹ly³³khu³³,the scriptures of the same name,such as The Ruka offer Offering Sutra And The Naxi offer Offering Sutra,also have different specific contents.In terms of the selection of sutras for the same ceremony,take the funeral ceremony as an example.The two branches of Ruka and Naxi use sutras as two completely different sets of Dongba sutras.Even if there are some sutras with the same name,they are also different in content and cannot be mixed.Chapter three is an example of the translation and interpretation of Ruka Dongba literature.In this chapter,through the collection of some Dongba scriptures not collected in the Complete Works,which are quite different from the Naxi branch,and are only used within the Dongba of Ruka branch,Such as "calculate fu ze algebra","for the dead to connect the ancestor algebra and find the way","Give the sacrifice rope to the dead",wu shuwan ruka "funeral regulations literature","dongba diary","see the black moon white moon" divination classics and other key characteristics of the literature has been translated and detailed interpretation,showing the specific content of Ruka Dongba literature.It is also found that the Ruka Dongba sutra is transitioning from simplified to complex text,and the transition conditions are different in different regions.In Labo,the Dongba Sutra is written in one syllable One word,while in Yiji and Eya,there are two kinds of complicated form and simple form,while in Sanba region,traditional simple form is still the main form.The fourth chapter is the literature study of Ruka Dongba regulation.This chapter starts with the literature of Ruka Dongba Regulations,and introduces the inheritance,inheritance mode,inheritance situation and application of regulations of Ruka Dongba.The traditional dongba inheritance model of word heritage and family inheritance,to the modern,folk of dongba schools gradually rise,basic became the mainstream of the inheritance of dongba culture learning and,in addition,the rise of emerging teaching methods such as network classroom,Objectively,it also plays a role in promoting the preservation of traditional culture.It is found that most Ruka Dongba people who insist on folk inheritance are middle-aged and elderly people,and the inheritance situation of Ruka Dongba is on the brink of generational breakdown,which is not optimistic.The fifth chapter is about the study of Ruka language.Compiled in this chapter is representative Wu Shuwan voice sound system,and the dongba language of character formation,character system,character relations are studied.The difference between Ruka Dongba script and Naxi People Dongba script is found in four points:first,Ruka in the dongba script and the naxi dongba script different special words,such as（?）v⁵⁵（拔火罐）、mbu³³（口舌）、ze³³（漂亮）.Secondly,the differences between the two languages lead to the differences between the specific choice and use of characters in Dongba.As also said"send",branches,read Ruka pvr⁵⁵,will pick the similar pvr⁵⁵（梳子）comb use under the guise of way.Third,the specific words used in the same vocabulary and language are different.Such as"people",the two branches are pronounced（?）i³³（人）,but Ruka area,the Naxi region tend to use （?）i³³,recently Ruka dongba classics has done basic corresponding words,Ruka dongba script has been completely record the language ability.In recent ten years,the corresponding degree of the new ruka Dongba sutra is as high as 92%,achieving the basic correspondence.Therefore,the author combined with the present situation of Ruka Dongba culture inheritance to provide several suggestions: First,to realize the electronic and data of rare Dongba literature and culture,to preserve the traditional culture of video and audio materials;Second,to realize the comprehensive publication of Ruka Dongba ancient books and carry out protective research;Third,advance in real time to improve the practicability of Ruca Dongba culture;Fourth,apply for support and protection of projects and funds at the national level,and make joint efforts for ethnic unity and common prosperity in the border areas of the motherland.