| The great decision of reform and opening up has unleashed tremendous vitality in China’s economic and social development.In just over 40 years,China’s development has accomplished what many developed countries had done in two or three centuries,creating a miracle unprecedented in human history.The State Council retreat,held from July to September 1978,was an important meeting before the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China(CPC).This meeting deeply discussed and clearly proposed to speed up the pace of China’s modernization construction through the introduction of economic system reform and opening up,which laid an important foundation for the final determination of the general policy of reform and opening up at the Third Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee.This paper is devoted to exploring the historical background,basic agenda,main content,profound influence,historical significance and other important issues of the 1978 State Council Realization Conference,and clarifying the exploration process of China’s economic system reform and opening up in the historical turning point.For the dialectical grasp two historical periods before and after the reform and opening to the outside line,deep understanding of contemporary China’s economic development history,for the current adhere to comprehensively deepen reform,adhere to and improve the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics,promoting the modernization of national management system and management ability is of great significance in such aspects as reference.The thesis includes an introduction,five chapters and a conclusion.The introduction part mainly briefly summarizes the research status of the 1978 State Council retreat meeting,clarifies the value of the topic and research methods of this paper,points out the innovation and research difficulties of this paper,and Outlines the research ideas of this paper.About the origin of the 1978 State Council retreat.After the end of the "Cultural Revolution",the cause of the Party and the country has entered an important historical juncture.How to carry forward the cause of socialist modernization has become the focus of attention of the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups in China.Faced with the severe difficulties caused by the decade-long civil strife,the CPC Central Committee organized the "Gang of Four" movement to put right the chaos caused by the"Cultural Revolution",took a series of effective measures to restore and develop the national economy,and gradually put economic development and other undertakings on the right track.The Eleventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the First Session of the Fifth National People’s Congress reaffirmed the goal of modernization and restarted the modernization plan,stressing the need to mobilize all positive factors inside and outside the Party and at home and abroad and unite with all forces that can be united with to build China into a great modern socialist country.The great emancipation of thought brought about by the discussion on the criterion of truth not only pushed the various fronts to put things right,but also prompted people to think deeply about the experience of socialist construction and the future development path.Reflecting on history and touching the world,people feel the huge gap between China and the developed countries.In this historical context,on July 6,1978 and September 9,1978,the State Council held a retreat meeting attended by heads of various departments.The meeting focused on accelerating the speed of China’s modernization drive.Discussions on accelerating the introduction of new technologies and expanding exports.Retreat preliminary summary the past experience and lesson in the introduction,puts forward to emancipate the mind,to speed up the pace,implement the principle of tranching concentrated to fight a war of annihilation,can’t rush,go hand in hand,put the good of the national economy overall balance and the introduction of the construction of the project itself condition two pass,new technology introduction note overall improvement ideas such as "three combinations".The meeting stressed that great importance should be attached to the absorptive capacity of domestic economic environment for imported projects,the connection and supporting of domestic conditions with imported projects,the use of foreign exchange as much as possible to buy technology and only the most critical equipment,and the flexible use of international trade and cooperation modes such as technology and trade cooperation,import and export integration,and cooperative production.To the imported projects,we should carry out the "consistent system" from inspection,inquiry,negotiation to completion and production,and attach importance to the modernized quality management and production management of enterprises.The meeting put forward the issue of actively expanding export,stressed the need to break the ideological shackling,and carry out the"three to one supplement" trade mode widely adopted in the early stage of China’s reform and opening up in the coastal areas to develop export-oriented economy;Reform the management system of production and marketing and combine production and marketing;Reform the export management system,set up trade agencies abroad,increase the number of treaty ports;Reform the foreign exchange settlement mechanism and replace it with trade exchange rates;Build export commodity base,make export trade bigger and more active.Discussion on the reform of the economic management system.The meeting pointed out the institutional drawbacks in economic management and stressed the need to act in accordance with objective economic laws,observe the law of planned proportion,apply the law of value,improve the system of economic accounting,realize the modernization of management and ensure the unity of the interests of the state,enterprises and individuals in terms of economic relations.Suggestions are put forward,such as using economic methods to manage the economy,enlarging the role of economic organizations and economic means in economic management,learning the economic management methods of capitalist countries,and strengthening the popularization and improvement of economics.The meeting suggested reforming the labor management system,implementing the principle of distribution according to work,establishing an assessment system for employees’ promotion,incentives and piece-rate wages,resuming the enterprise incentive fund system and the system of grading employees when they become regular employees,implementing the mechanism of rewards and punishments for salaries and treatment,and expanding the collective welfare of employees.We should make good use of urban and rural labor forces in accordance with the principle of overall planning and appropriate arrangements.Strengthen technical training for employees.Reform the financial management system,speed up the accumulation of construction funds,tap the potential of existing enterprises,strive to open up new sources of revenue,rationally allocate and economize the use of all funds,and establish an economic responsibility system.Reform the material management system,use economic methods to manage materials,give play to the enthusiasm of enterprises to speed up the turnover of materials,and organize the connection between production and demand.Discussion on accelerating agricultural development.The retreats preliminarily summed up the experience and lessons of China’s agricultural development that agriculture is still the weakest link in the current national economy.The meeting put forward a series of ideas on agricultural development and reform proposals,and put forward the agricultural production policy of adhering to grain as the key,all-round development,adapting measures to local conditions and proper concentration,with emphasis on the comprehensive development of agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry,sideline and fishery.On accelerating the construction of agricultural mechanization,we should introduce key new technology and equipment of agricultural machinery,break the pattern of "large and complete" or "small and complete",speed up the reorganization of agricultural machinery industry according to the principle of professional cooperation,improve the quality of agricultural machinery products and improve the supply service of agricultural machinery accessories;We should strengthen agricultural scientific research,raise the level of cadres at all levels in the management of modern agriculture and the scientific and cultural level of hundreds of millions of farmers,and establish a number of national and regional comprehensive scientific and experimental bases with modern equipment.We should raise the prices of agricultural products,provide financial and credit policy support for agriculture,reform the agricultural management system,and actively develop commune-and brigade enterprises in a planned way.On the epilogue and influence of the 1978 State Council retreat.The conclusion speech of the meeting pointed out that the great revolution of " realizing the four modernizations" requires systematic reform in five aspects:productive forces,relations of production,superstructure,management mode of the state and enterprises,people’s mode of activity and way of thinking.It puts forward the reform of the economic management system centered on "expanding enterprise autonomy",emphasizing the strengthening of democratic management of enterprises and giving play to the sense of responsibility of workers as masters of the country.This paper puts forward some thoughts on the significance,scope,principles,methods and steps of introducing advanced technology and complete sets of equipment,and puts forward some ideas on actively expanding export trade,increasing foreign exchange earnings and utilizing foreign funds.The impact of the conference was reflected in three aspects:many of the reform ideas put forward were absorbed and put into practice in a series of subsequent meetings to plan the reform;The train of thought of economic management system reform enlightens people’s thought and broadens the horizon;The tendency to rush for progress in the conference has resulted in a serious imbalance of some important proportional relations in the national economy.The meeting was a theoretical and ideological preparation for the great decision of reform and opening up made by the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.The concluding remarks mainly summarize the characteristics,significance and enlightenment of the 1978 State Council retreat.The Conference of the State Council in 1978 was an important meeting held in the historical turning period,which focused on the planning of economic reform around accelerating the realization of modernization under the background of international and domestic interaction.The characteristics of the Conference were analyzed in terms of the background,content and form.The historical significance of the conference is mainly reflected in three aspects:first,it is the ideological preparation for the shift of the focus of the whole Party’s work;Second,the theoretical preparation for the great decision of reform and opening up made at the Third Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee;Third,it provides positive and negative historical experience for China’s socialist modernization.The realistic enlightenment of the conference includes six aspects:correctly handling the relationship between independence and learning from foreign economic development experience;We will continue to mobilize the enthusiasm,initiative and creativity of the people to the maximum extent.Emancipating the mind is the key to comprehensively deepen reform and solve development problems.We will pay attention to top-level design and promote reform in an overall,systematic and multi-disciplinary manner.Follow the trend of The Times and grasp the trend of historical development;Through investigation and research,we solved difficult problems in reform and development. |
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