| The main line is the fundamental support for drawing the theoretical map and the latitude and longitude of thought.What kind of main line is used to conduct research on the development history of Marxism? This is an important basic subject in the research of the history of Marxism development.Existing studies mostly use classic writers,classic documents or human liberation as the main line to outline the "historical road signs" of the development of Marxism,and few interpret the history of Marxism development with the main line of "road exploration history".The "road" here is to explore the road to the emancipation of the proletariat and mankind,including the road to the socialist revolution to seize power and the road to socialist construction after the seizure of power.The issue of roads is very important and directly embodies the most basic and essential provisions of Marxism.Realizing the emancipation of the proletariat and all mankind is the "general goal" of Marxism,and how to realize this "general goal",that is,the "road issue" constitutes the fundamental driving force for the continuous development of Marxism.Marxism is not an immutable dogma.The reason why it can guide our practice is that it is a doctrine that keeps pace with the times.The reason why Marxism can achieve development with the times lies in thinking and answering the question of how to achieve this "general goal" in accordance with the conditions of the times and specific national conditions.It is on the basis of road exploration that Marxism maintains the character of constantly advancing with the times.Therefore,by combing through the process of Marxism’s exploration of road issues,further thinking about the main line of the development history of Marxism,showing the "historical road signs" of the development of Marxism is of great significance.Not only is it conducive to further deepening the study of the main line process and generation logic of the development history of Marxism in theory,and further advancing the study of the development history of Marxism,but it also has important practical significance for us to strengthen the Chinese road today.Political sobriety comes from theoretical firmness,and theoretical firmness comes from clarity of source and clarity of history.General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that "history is the foundation of all social scientific research,and it bears the mission of’investigating the universe and man,through the changes of the past and the present’",focusing on the path to explore history,and placing the Chinese road in the overall context of Marxist history.The middle review is a fundamental and key task to clarify the "ins and outs".The examination of the history of road exploration must focus on scientific methodology,namely: the combination of basic principles and concrete reality;the unity of reference and creation;the integration of ideal goals and realistic conditions;and the consistency of continuity and phases.From the perspective of historical generation theory,we find that from the perspective of the development history of Marxism,every major development or division of development forms of Marxism is closely related to the road problem.From the perspective of the establishment of Marxism,the core factor for Marx and Engels to realize the development of socialism from utopia to science is that they proceed from the limitations of utopian socialism in the exploration of roads and liberate themselves for the proletariat.All mankind has pointed out the way to reality.The issue of road is the root of Marxism’s surpassing of utopian socialism.In the first half of the 19 th century,in the face of various moralized "prescriptions" that appealed to "emotions" for the liberation of people from socialism of all kinds,Marx and Engels started from "real people" and revealed the internal structure of social forms through science.And the law of historical development clarified the correct path of the proletarian revolutionary struggle.The proposal of this correct road essentially condenses and embodies the three major components of Marxism.Only without the creation of historical materialism and without the study of political economy,Marx and Engels could not find the correct path of proletarian revolution;without the proposal of the correct path of proletarian revolution,Marx and Engels could not be said to have created Marxism.Therefore,with the proposal of the correct path for the proletarian revolution,Marxism was born and surpassed utopian socialism.After entering the 1870 s,based on the changes of the times,Marx and Engels had a major turning point in their understanding of the choice of the road to socialist revolution.At this time,capitalism in the stage of free competition has gradually transitioned to the stage of monopoly capitalism.With the establishment of the first proletarian regime,the Paris Commune,in 1871,the European proletariat accumulated valuable experience and left deep lessons.Since then,the proletarian movement has fallen into a low ebb."Das Kapital" went to the world and exerted extensive influence in Russia and other countries,and the question of the "prospect" of social development in Eastern countries was raised.The changes in the conditions and situation of the proletarian revolutionary struggle that have taken place have put forward requirements for Marx and Engels’ theory of exploring the path of the proletarian revolution,and at the same time provided space.Is it to follow the historical path of the developed capitalist countries in Western Europe,or is it possible for Eastern societies to evolve differently? Can a peaceful way be adopted,or must we stick to a violent path? In his later years,Marx and Engels put forward the question of whether the Eastern society can take a non-capitalist road through the study of primitive society and Russian rural communes;according to the new changes in capitalist society,he proposed the legal struggle and violent revolution as the path of proletarian revolution.Strategic issues.Thinking of these road issues not only perfected the theory of social formation,enriched the theory of proletarian revolution,but also demonstrated the sensitivity of Marxism to the changes of the times.These issues promote the further improvement and development of Marxism.At the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century,the question of the choice of the socialist revolution and construction road once again came to a crossroads,and Marxism also entered a new stage of development.After the death of Engels,the Second International fought fiercely around the question of the road strategy of peace or violence.It was the division on the road issue that led to the internal division of the Second International.The road of socialism did not succeed in the developed European capitalist countries as Marx and Engels had imagined.On the contrary,it was very different from it.The victory was first achieved in the relatively backward Russia,and socialism changed from theory to reality.In such a realistic situation,the initial practice of socialism is often quite different from the road envisioned by Marx and Engels,or even far away,and it is impossible to completely imitate Marx and Engels’ specific ways and methods of socialist revolution.Practice calls for new theories.In the complex interweaving of theories and the practical requirements of socialist practice,Lenin scientifically analyzed the essence of imperialism,countered the bourgeois attacks on Marxism and the wrong thoughts within the Second International,and answered how backward countries carried out socialist revolutions.He creatively put forward the theory that socialism can be the first to win in one country or several countries,explored how to carry out socialist construction,and promoted the further development of Marxism,and the development of Marxism to the stage of Leninism.The issue of the road between Leninism and Marxism is still the core issue that runs through it.Whether it is responding to attacks,overcoming wrong ideas,or developing theories,in fact,it is closely related to the issue of how to carry out the proletarian revolution in backward Russia and how to transition to socialism.The continuous advancement of the Sinicization of Marxism has promoted the enrichment and innovation of the development history of Marxism.Every leap and new development of the Sinicization of Marxism has been launched around the issue of roads.In the process of Sinicization of Marxism,China is faced with many choices of major road issues,and each choice has promoted the development of the process of Sinicization of Marxism.Through the October Revolution,China found the theoretical weapon of Marxism,but the October Revolution did not and could not send a ready road.With Comrade Mao Zedong as the core,the Communist Party of China combined with China’s reality,broke the dogmatic understanding of the "October Revolution" and the "city-centric theory" of the socialist revolutionary road,and overcame the "first revolution" and "second revolution" theories.Mistakes opened up the new democratic revolutionary road of "surrounding the cities from the countryside and seizing power by armed forces",founded Mao Zedong Thought,and initiated the first leap forward in the sinicization of Marxism.In 1949,after the founding of New China,how to continuously develop the productive forces,realize socialist transformation,and make New China embark on a true socialist road was placed in front of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Mao Zedong at the core.From "mutual assistance and cooperation" to "peaceful redemption" path innovation,the Chinese Communist Party led the Chinese people to achieve social revolutionary changes and guide the people on the road of socialism.With regard to the road issue in the early stage of socialist construction,based on drawing lessons from and reflecting on the "Soviet Model",and through continuous exploration,we deeply integrated our social and economic development and practical reality,showing that our party has a certain degree of independence in road exploration.Although this kind of exploration went astray in subsequent practice due to subjective and objective reasons,the value of this kind of exploration cannot be denied or obliterated,and it laid an important foundation for Deng Xiaoping to pioneer the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.In 1978,when my country started the road of reform and opening up and socialist modernization,the Chinese Communists first focused on how to liberate and develop the productive forces,the core of which was the socialist modernization road."What is socialism and how to build socialism" is the starting point for thinking about this road.In the process of how to avoid the "old roads" and "evil roads",the Communist Party of China promotes the integration of the basic principles of Marxism with the reality of reform and opening up.In the historical position of "getting rich",from "not qualified" to "qualified",it is very important to the society.We will continue to explore the issue of modernization with Chinese characteristics from "usedism" to "Chinese characteristics",and finally formed the theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics,created the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics,and realized Marxist China The second leap of chemistry.Since the 18 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,a period of historical opportunity has come again,and the process of the Sinicization of Marxism has come to a new crossroads.The new is the new.This is a "new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics" and a new historical orientation.That is: the new historical position of our country’s great leap from a big country to a powerful country.At this new crossroads,the main contradiction in Chinese society has historically transformed into a contradiction between the people’s ever-increasing needs for a better life and unbalanced and inadequate development.The Chinese nation has ushered in from standing up,getting rich,and getting stronger.Great leap.How to take the road to becoming stronger is of vital importance to the party and the people.At this stage,our party is constantly advancing to resolve the reality of "big but not strong",strive to realize the ideal goal of becoming a powerful country,closely integrate the basic principles of Marxism with the development of the new era,and promote the continuous development of socialism with Chinese characteristics..The core of it is to explore the path to "strengthen" in the context of the era of unprecedented changes in a century.It is in this crucial issue that promotes the new development of Marxism in the 21 st century.Along with the practical development of road issues,the latest theoretical achievement of the Sinicization of Marxism-Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era has also been formed.From this,we can clearly see that the search for the road is a main thread in the history of the development of Marxism.Looking through the history of Marxism with this as the main line,we can see that the development of Marxism is a process that accompanies the continuous exploration of road issues.If the history of the development of Marxism is a net,then the problem of road is the key "knot" of the net of Marxist theory.The road is related to the realization of the fundamental goal of human liberation.According to changes in practice,finding the right path instead of resorting to a certain willfulness or dogmatizing theory is the most important scientific manifestation of Marxism.Therefore,exploring the development of Marxism based on the road has the original significance for understanding the history of the development of Marxism.Logically speaking,the search for the road needs to solve the three important problems of positioning,calibration and method.Orientation is to clarify the historical position of society,which is the "time and space" of road selection;calibration is to find out the specific revolution or construction goal according to the time and space of road selection,which is the "compass" of road development.The method is to choose a practical and feasible path based on the first two.This is the "foothold" of the road exploration.Solving these problems is actually a process of innovation and development of Marxist theory.Understanding the development history of Marxism based on the exploration of roads as the main line can provide a new perspective for the research on the main line of the development history of Marxism,and deepen the understanding of the nature and laws of the development of Marxism.Taking road exploration as the main line is conducive to deepening the understanding of the history of innovation,the history of erroneous thought struggles and the history of human liberation that advance with the times,and is conducive to the realization of the history of Marxism theory and the history of socialism practice in the unity of theory and practice.Unification is conducive to grasping the law of Marxist development in one source and multiple streams.The purpose of studying history is to strengthen the confidence of the present,and to study Marxism with the exploration of the road as the main line will help to better understand the Chinese road.From a historical perspective,the core of the historical development of the Communist Party of China is the history of searching for roads.The fundamental connotation of the combination of Marxism and Chinese reality is the searching for roads.The searching for roads is a core thread rooted in the development of Marxism.From a realistic perspective,we can build Chinese theories and Chinese plans on the basis of continuous exploration of Chinese roads,and provide a new path for third world countries to modernize.From a theoretical perspective,the Chinese road is composed of essential logic,historical logic,goal logic,practical logic,and system logic.It contains three basic mechanisms of power,balance,and governance,and three organic unifications,namely: stable and progressive Organic unity,unitary dominance,unity of multiple systems,unity of Chinese genes and world civilization.Investigating the development history of Marxism from the perspective of road exploration can further take care of the reality of socialism and provide a scientific foothold for the application and development of Marxism.In the combing of the history of road exploration,we will further understand the socialist background and philosophical wisdom of the Chinese road,and grasp the profound academic basis and original contribution. |
