Research On The Impact Of Community Heterogeneity On Community Governance Performanc

In the more than 40 years of reform and opening up,China’s social structure has undergone drastic changes,the community population structure has been differentiated,and community heterogeneity has been greatly enhanced.This structural change has had a significant impact on community governance.How to deal with the relationship between community heterogeneity and community governance performance has become an inevitable important issue in community governance.The ―community‖ objects studied in this article include three different types of communities,including urban and rural communities,megacity communities,and communities in four different regions,including communities in the east,middle,west,and Yangtze River Delta,as well as three different types of communities with three different income levels including low,medium,and high income,and three different levels of education including low,middle and high education.The reasons for choosing these research objects are mainly based on the following four reasons: First,since the reform and opening up,great changes have taken place in urban communities,which are prominently reflected in the increasing heterogeneity of the population structure of the community,and the imbalance in the structure of community power and organizational relationships.The community is facing prominent structural problems.The needs and demands of community residents are becoming more and more diverse,and the contradictions and unbalanced interests of the community are prominent.Therefore,the impact of community heterogeneity on the governance performance of urban communit ies cannot be ignored.Second,for rural communities,since the reform and opening up,with the acceleration of industrialization,urbanization,and marketization,the rural population has moved to urban areas on a large scale,bringing changes in the rural population structure,and then The social structure,such as the relationship structure,has a profound impact,resulting in drastic changes in the rural social structure,such as the ―hollowing‖ of the Chinese countryside and the ―complexity‖ of the rural population.Therefore,it is equally important to study the impact of the heterogeneity of the social structure of rural communities on the performance of community governance,especially in the context of rural revitalization.A sound rural governance system can help provide important guarantees for rural revitalization.Third,Shanghai is China’s largest megacity,the pressure and challenges of community governance are more severe and complex than those of other cities,studying the impact of megacity community heterogeneity on community governance performance is of great practical significance.It is also an inherent requirement to explore a ―new way to manage large cities with Chinese characteristics‖.It is helpful to improve the social governance modernization capacity of China’s megacities and narrowing the gap with international metropolises.Therefore,this article also attempts to treat mega-city communities as a special type of community and study them separately.Fourth,this article attempts to analyze the differences in community heterogeneity due to regional differences,and the differences in the impact on community governance performance from different regional perspectives.In addition to analyzing the regions that are distinguished by geographical location and economic development in the east,central,and western regions,this article also considers the three provinces in the Yangtze River Delta region that are currently recognized as the most economically active,open,and innovative regions in China One city conducts key research.Studying the impact of community heterogeneity in the Yangtze River Delta region on community governance performance is of strategic significance for promoting the improvement of social governance performance,urban management level,and social governance in the Yangtze River Delta region.The theme of this article is to study the impact of heterogeneous social structure within and between communities on the performance of community governance in the context of ―community governance‖,taking the changes in community social structure as the focus.Through research,this article attempts to answer the following four questions: firstly,how to define community heterogeneity in theory and practice,and what forms of expression;and secondly,how to build a scientific and reasonable evaluation index system for community governance performance quantitative evaluation;thirdly,what impact does community heterogeneity have on community governance performance,what are the differences and similarities in the impact of community heterogeneity on community governance performance of different types,regions,income levels,and education levels.Fourthly,in theory,what effect paths and mechanism does community heterogeneity have on community governance performance,and in reality,which effect paths are effective.Among them,the discussion and answer of the first two questions are the basis and prerequisites for the latter two questions.Therefore,the answer and solution to the third and fourth questions are the focus of this article.In other words,whether community heterogeneity have an impact on community governance performance or not,whether the impact is positive or negative,and whether the impact is significant or insignificant,and what paths and mechanisms do community heterogeneity influence community governance performance.Based on the theory of social structure and community governance,this paper constructs an empirical analysis model and mechanism of communit y heterogeneity affecting community governance performance,theoretically clarifies the logic and mediating effects of community heterogeneity affecting community governance performance,and Using CGSS2015 database data and typical case analysis,from an empirical perspective,verify the consistency between the theoretical ―should‖ and the ―actual‖ in the empirical.In the analysis of community heterogeneity,this article mainly uses the three indicators of years of education,income level,and occupational socioeconomic status level index(ISEI)to measure the heterogeneity of the community,including the heterogeneity within and between communities.Among them,heterogeneity within community refers to the basic situation of community residents in terms of education level,income level and occupational socio-economic status level,and it is measured by the standard deviation of related indicators;heterogeneity between communities refers to the education level,income level and occupational socio-economic status level of various communities,and it is measured by the average of relevant indicators.In terms of the research on the mechanism of the effect of community heterogeneity on community governance performance,this paper analyzes domestic and foreign research literature,and attempts to theoretically propose three different paths and mechanisms of the effect of community heterogeneity on community governance performance: the first is community participation mechanism,that is,community heterogeneity affects the participation of community residents in community public affairs(such as elections and voting),and then affects the level of community governance performance;the second is the community happiness mechanism,that is,community heterogeneity through the community Residents’ well-being affects the individual well-being of community residents,and then affects the level of community governance performance;the third is the neighborhood relationship mechanism,that is,the heterogeneity of the community affects the neighborhood relationship between community residents,and then affects the cohesion of the community,and this has an impact on the performance of community governance.At the same time,this paper uses CGSS2015 related data to conduct empirical tests on the three action paths and mechanisms of community heterogeneity affecting community governance performance(that is,community heterogeneity affects community governance performance through community participation,community residents’ happiness,and neighborhood relations).The research results show that the mechanism of the level of education in community heterogeneity indirectly affects the performance of community governance by affecting community participation.This means that currently addressing the adverse impact of Chinese community heterogeneity on the performance of community governance can be solved by gradually increasing the awareness and ability of community residents to participate in community governance.In the empirical research of community heterogeneity affecting community governance performance,this paper uses CGSS2015 data to empirically analyze the impact of heterogeneity within and between communities on community governance performance,and distinguish three different types of communities including urban communities,rural communities,and megacity communities,four different regional communities in the east,central and western regions,and the Yangtze River Delta region,three different income levels such as low,middle,and high income communities,and three different levels of education,including low,middle,and high level education community.On this basis,a robust empirical test was conducted on the impact of heterogeneity within and between communities on the performance of community governance.This article’s regression analysis of community heterogeneity affecting community governance performance concludes that,overall,heterogeneity within the community has a significant negative impact on community governance performance,that is,the stronger the heterogeneity within the community,the lower the community governance performance;heterogeneity between communities has a significantly positive correlation with community governance performance,that is,the stronger the overall heterogeneity of the community,the higher the community governance performance.Specifically,the greater the income gap between community residents,the lower the performance of community governance;the higher the average level of the community’s average income and occupation’s socioeconomic status,the more community occupation types,and the higher the performance of community governance.As far as different types of communities,income has a significant impact on the governance performance of rural communities,and occupation has a significant impact on the super urban communities.Specifically,the income gap between community residents has a significant negative impact on the performance of rural community governance,the average income level of community has a significant positive impact on the performance of rural community governance,and the number of community occupation types has a significant positive impact on the performance of super city community governance.As far as the communities in different regions are concerned,income and occupation have a significant impact on the performance of community governance in the western region.Specifically,the income gap between the community residents has a significant negative impact on the community governance performance in the western region,the average income level of the community has a significant positive impact on the community governance performance in the western region,and the average professional social and economic status level of the community has a significant positive impact on the community governance performance in the western region.In terms of different income level communities,education has a significant impact on the governance performance of high-income communities,and occupation has a significant impact on the governance performance of low-income communities.Specifically,the average level of community education has a significant positive impact on the governance performance of high-income communities,and the number of community occupation types has a significant positive impact on the governance performance of low-income communities.As far as the communities with different levels of education are concerned,income and occupation have a significant impact on the governance performance of low-level communities,while income has a significant impact on the governance performance of secondary level communities.Specifically,the income gap between community residents has a significant negative impact on the performance of low education level community governance,the number of community occupation has a significant positive impact on the performance of low education level community,and the income gap between community residents has a significant negative impact on the performance of secondary education level community governance.According to the mechanism analysis of the influence of community heterogeneity on community governance performance in Chapter 5,it can be seen that the mechanism of community heterogeneity(referring to the level of education)indirectly affects community governance performance by influencing community participation is feasible,while the mechanism of community heterogeneity affecting community governance performance by influencing community residents’ well-being and community neighborhood relationship is not feasible.Based on the results of empirical research,this article puts forward some targeted policy recommendations on how to reduce the adverse impact of community heterogeneity on community governance performance.First of all,at the macro level,clarify the implementation principles of policy recommendations,which are problem-oriented,highlight the modernization of community governance systems and governance capabilities,attach importance to the participation of multiple subjects,and categorize policies.Secondly,at the median level,further optimize the community governance system structure and improve community governance capabilities,starting with the community governance system structure,such as community governance concepts,governance subjects,governance methods,and governance mechanisms,to break down the disadvantages of community heterogeneity on community governance.Lastly,at the micro level,enhance the awareness and ability of residents to participate in the community,strengthen community autonomy,and optimize the social structure of the community.