Research On Marx And Engels’ Thoughts Of Modernization

Modernization is the trend of world history and the goal that the Chinese people have been striving for since modern times.The Communist Party of China is the leader and promoter of China’s modernization process.Over the past century,the Communist Party of China,especially since the founding of the People’s Republic of China,has led the Chinese people to successfully walk out "the Chinese path to modernization",created a new form of human civilization,and started a "new journey to build a modern socialist country in an all-round way".And "the road of building a powerful modern socialist country in an all-round way" is realized under the guidance of Marxism.In the middle of the 19 th century,Marx and Engels founded Marxism in answering the question of "where is capitalism going and where is human beings going?" and formed a wealth of thoughts on modernization.This thought has important theoretical and practical significance for us to deeply understand the Chinese path to modernization and build a socialist modernized country in an all-round way.This paper uses the methods of combining comparative research and systematic analysis,unifying logic and history,combining theory and practice,and takes modern society as the starting point to conduct systematic and in-depth research on Marx and Engels modernization thoughts.This paper mainly explores the following four issues:Firstly,it expounds the historical conditions and theoretical basis for the formation of Marx and Engels’ modernization thought.Marx and Engels lived in an era when traditional society was changing to modern society.The scientific and technological revolution,industrial revolution,social revolution,and ideological revolution that occurred in this era provided social and economic conditions and ideological sources for the formation of Marx and Engels’ modernization thought.In terms of theoretical basis,dialectical materialism provides methodological principles,historical materialism provides social analysis tools,political economics provide economic analysis method.Secondly,it sorts out the general interpretation of Marx and Engels’ thoughts on modernization.Marx and Engels used the methods of dialectical materialism and historical materialism to investigate the development history of human society,and revealed the general principles of the modernization process of human society from the aspects of power,signs,positive influence,and development trends.First,Marx and Engels proposed that machine industry,commodity economy,urbanization,modern world markets and scientific and technological revolution,are the Component elements of modernization.Second,Marx and Engels believed that modernization,for the development of human society,was the basis for the transformation of traditional agricultural society into modern society,promoted the great development of social productivity,marked the birth of modern civilized society,promoted the continuous improvement of political functions of modern nation states,and promoted the development and progress of human beings.Third,Marx and Engels proposed that Britain is the typical place to realize modernization,and the expansion of modernization is the trend of world history.However,in the process of realizing modernization,modern nation states will show diversified development paths due to different national conditions.Thirdly,it deeply studies Marx and Engels’ thoughts on the particularity,historical function,historical limitation of capitalist modernization and modernization of communist society.Marx and Engels,starting from the realistic foundation of the capitalist modernization society in which he lived,elaborated the particularity of capitalist modernization and the historical progress of capitalist modernization.While focusing on the historical limitations of capitalist modernization: the basic contradictions of capitalism intensified,resulting in frequent outbreak of economic crisis;the contradiction between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie is sharp,resulting in social polarization and the gap between the rich and the poor;the relationship between man and nature is seriously opposite,resulting in the deterioration of ecological environment;the one-sided development of human beings forms a social crisis;an unbalanced and unstable system of world relations will be formed.Marx and Engels pointed out the development trend of modernization on the basis of criticizing the limitation of capitalist modernization.Modernization is an indispensable driving force for the development of communist society,and the new and higher social form of communist society will also provide institutional guarantee for the development of modernization.Marx and Engels pointed out that the communist society will be divided into two stages to promote modernization.Since the first stage of communist society has just emerged from capitalist society,in the process of modernization,on the one hand,it is necessary to preserve the traces of capitalist society in many aspects,such as promoting modernization by implementing distribution according to work in accordance with the principle of Commodity Exchange.On the other hand,it is necessary to overcome the drawbacks of capitalist modernization.Different measures should be adopted to realize a new type of social modernization superior to capitalist modernization,such as social ownership,universal compulsory labor,integration of agriculture and industry,and so on.In the advanced stage of communist society,commodities and money will be abolished,planned production and distribution according to needs will be implemented,and modernization will continue to be promoted.Finally,the goal of highly harmonious social relations and the free and all-round development of human beings will be realized.Mankind can finally realize the leap from "the kingdom of necessity" to "the kingdom of freedom" through the superiority of the communist social system.Fourthly,it discusses the realistic enlightenment of Marx and Engels’ modernization thought to the Chinese path to modernization.Through the study of Marx and Engels’ modernization thought,it is helpful for us to deepen our understanding of the world significance of the Chinese path to modernization road based on the process of human modernization.The Chinese path to modernization conforms to both the general law of human modernization and China’s reality.It is a new plan for the modernization of human society.It has not only created a new form of human civilization,but also provided China’s wisdom and plan for developing countries to realize modernization.To advance the Chinese path to modernization,we must give full play to the advantages of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics: uphold Marxism as the fundamental guiding principle;upholding the overall leadership of the CPC;adhere to the people-centered approach;adhere to the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.To advance the Chinese path to modernization,we must deal with the relationship between human beings and nature,and adhere to the modernization of harmonious coexistence between human beings and nature.We must continue to take scientific and technological innovation as the strategic support for modernization and constantly promote the modernization of science and technology.In a New Era,we will continue to promote the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese path to modernization,make new and greater contributions to mankind,and highlight the features and advantages of the Chinese path to modernization.