A Study On The History Of Political Life In Multi-ethnic Villages In Northwest

China is a country with ancient agricultural civilization and a multi-ethnic country as well.In China,there are not only differences in the economic development among villages in the Eastern,Central and Western regions,but also huge differences in the social structure of villages in the Southern,Central and Northern regions.Along with the essential characteristics of political life of the whole country,the historical and realistic political life of rural society in the ethnic minority areas possesses the basic laws of its own,the essential characteristics of political behaviors and the inner generative mechanism of political life problems.This study investigates the changing journey of the political life in Z Village--a village with mixed multi-ethnic in the North-west--from micro-perspective,reveals the differences and similarities between the political life of multi-ethnic villages and villages in Central and Eastern areas under the background of the change of political system and the transformation of social structure in the country,and observes--from the words and behaviors of the Party members and common villagers,the dialogues between them and even their inner activities--the village’s political life in a long period during the change of system and the transformation of society.There are historical causes,cultural venation and power relationship behind each social political behavior(political life).Therefore,guided by the theoretical method of ethnology,the author search for the historical origins of countryside governance during the historical evolution of the political life in grass-root society,and tries hard to explore the historical origins of the issues of system and capacity for governance in grass-root society to offer some reference for promoting countryside governance under the context of the moving-down of the focus of national governance.Firstly,this study makes a general description of Z Village in history,sorting through the organizational system and evolution of the village,population composition,economic lifestyle,religious belief living space and its arrangement changes,and briefly introducing the history and current situation of Z Village.Secondly,through the combination of references and dictation from villagers,this study makes a detailed description of the social mobilization and political modernization of the village.The village completed its organization building through the division of Classes and land reform campaign.“Division of Class” has become the hot topic of this period,and common people are incorporated in the course of the construction of regime in grass-root society.Thirdly,during the process of collectivization,villagers actively responded to the call of the country’s policy and became the core of the political life in the village in this period.On the one hand,villagers actively engaged in the counter insurgency in Tibetan areas;on the other hand,“the great-leap-forward campaign,setting up public canteens and the movement of “Si qing” were conducted in the village.Fourthly,during the Cultural Revolution period,family background,class status and class struggle became the main trend in the village’s political life.Class struggles in the rising stage,economic construction in the ending stage and the rehabilitation for “Four Types of people” were the significant events in the political life of both the whole country and the village,as well as the great turning point of the village’s political life.Fifthly,the household contract responsibility system is not only a important reform in the system of economic production,but also a change to the system and mode for governance.In the progressive implement,village self-governance developed gradually,and underwent challenges at the same time.Sixthly,after the reform of agricultural taxes and fees,the relationship between the country and the village shifted from the type of resource-drawing to the type of resource-inputting.A network was formed between resources,power,village election and the villagers.Villagers’ concepts on power and civil rights has been changing greatly,and “making money by power” and struggling by appealing to the higher authority for help became a part of the village’s political life.As the country gives great impetus to the modernization of the system and capacity for governance,the system and capacity for governance in village has improved continuously.Villages in ethnic regions gradually integrated into the history of the country’s politics and development.More and more villagers participated in the village’s public life,and collective consciousness and state concept were growing continuously.Researches on the political life of a village with mixed multi-ethnic differ from the previous researches focusing on a village with a single ethnic in ethnic minority areas.Combining the macro narration of the country’s system reform and the practice of the village’s concrete life,this thesis tries to make an academic theory generalization based on experience in the field.During the progress of the political life in multi-ethnic villages,farmers are the subject of practice.Promoting the development of ethnic economy and society and providing sufficient resources for rural political development in ethnic areas are the necessary material basis for improving political life of villages in ethnic areas.From the perspective of practice,researching the political life of villages in ethnic areas is helpful for us to comprehensively and deeply know about the basic laws of the political life of villages in ethnic areas,the essential characteristics of political behavior and the generative mechanism of the existing problems,thus to provide referential and practical materials for realizing the rural revitalization in ethnic areas and promoting the modernization of system and capacity for governance in grass-root society,which is of academic value and realistic significance.