| With the accelerating transformations of the global risk society and Chinese society,the non-traditional security threats China faces are aggravating gradually.Non-traditional security threats,particularly endogenous ones,constitute the main causes for existing crises.What’s specially noteworthy is that responding strategies for "abnormal crises" within the non-traditional security scope have evolved to be the major challenge in countries’ endeavors to build up security capacities.It is,therefore,of significant theoretical and practical implications to understand the formation mechanism of the "abnormal crisis",seek scientific approach of crisis identification,and establish effective responding system.This study has reviewed the crisis theory and the non-traditional security theory,specified the core concepts in the present study,and analyzed the macro situation of China’s non-traditional security,justifying the "abnormal crisis" study and its urgency.After the review of the evolution of the crisis theory and the non-traditional security theory,it is discovered that the topics and subjects of these two theories are closely related;it is proposed in this study that the term "abnormal crisis" refers to "the process where existing re-sources are incapable of resolving existing risks,and potential risks are materialized";what is also discussed,from a practical perspective,is the status quo of China’s non-traditional security risks and existing crises,with contentions that China’s non-traditional risks are exacerbating,that the non-traditional risks are the main culprit of China’s existing crises,which could be altered and influenced along the widespread use of the Internet.With all these analyses,the studies in the "abnormal crisis" are responses and explorations to the changing world.Followed in the study is a theoretical analysis of the formation mechanism of the "abnormal crisis".From a "practical" perspective,"threat" is the origin of "crisis",and in this study the "non-traditional security threat-induced" crisis is referred to as "non-traditional security crisis";from "securitization" perspective,” “crisis " is the higher level of “insecurity”,the growth of “crisis" is the process of "securitization" and the “crisis response” is also "de-securitization";crisis can be classified into "normal crisis" and "abnormal crisis" according to the level of "securitization";the "abnormal crisis" within the non-traditional security scope is generated due to the "improper securitization",and its origin,evolutionary process and result,and responding targets all vary from "normal crisis";its evolutionary process is closely linked to the entity’s participation,information dissemination,strategy application,and group responses;in the game between the construction of smart city and international quality,cases of "abnormal crisis" demonstrate the formation mechanism of "abnormal crisis".Further in the study the "abnormal crisis" identification framework is constructed theoretically;the endogenous "abnormal crisis" is identified empirically with four causes pinpointed.The identification framework of the "abnormal crisis" consists of the prerequisite,procedural,and consequential conditions.The first is to identify non-traditional security threats,namely,identifying the features of "threats","practices",and "territories" from the perspectives of "human security";the second is to identity the evolution of non-traditional security crisis,which mainly consists of the identifications of "crisis origins","development modes","transmission routes" and "evolution results";the last is to identify the "abnormal crisis" within the non-traditional security scope during "securitization",the features of systematic and heterogeneous conflicts,and of "result of securitization","military approaches" and "social disorders" are to be identified;this study focuses on "non-traditional security crisis" between 2014 and 2018.By harnessing web data exploration technology,news texts needed are explored,and later on analyzed and coded by text analyzing technique;by strictly following the identification framework,each case is meticu-lously identified;finally,by quantitative comparison analysis approach(QCA),the causes of these cases are identified and categorized into "theoretical mismatched","information disordered","opportunity missed",and "resource misplaced";take“Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia” as an example to using the identification framework and the cause analysis framework.In the last part of the study,the construction of a responding system is proposed,in hopes of reinforcing national non-traditional security.It provides a condition for the "de-securitization" of non-traditional security threats;the key lies in finding appropriate concepts,integrating conditions,coupling institutions,and consolidating information.The theories selected should serve for the purpose of proactive and general security.Relevant conditions should be made to facilitating multilateral coordination and cross-field cooperation;the institutional improvement should prioritize the legal completion and cross-filed support;expert insights and information sharing are the main targets of information consolidation.The contribution of this study lies in the formation mechanism of "abnormal crisis" and the construction of identification framework for "abnormal crisis".The study also makes contribution to integrated application of the data mining technology,text analysis and qualitative comparison analysis.Nevertheless,limited by the length and theme,hardly can this study cover issues concerning other types of "abnormal crisis",such as the identification and response,prediction of crisis development trends,and assessment of crisis identification ability,which is left for future studies. |
