The Form And Changes Of Households From The Perspective Of State Construction

In the view of Marxism,the development trend of human society has experienced a development process from a larger social unit to a smaller social unit and ultimately to an individual.In this process,the state plays an important role in consciously promoting this process.The reason is that the gradual reduction of social units is conducive to the better penetration,transformation,and integration of society by the country,thereby promoting the implementation and realization of the national will.Household is a special unit that emerged in Chinese history and is the most fundamental organizational unit in the social structure of China.Its nature is strongly constructive.The reason why the state constructs households is nothing more than to effectively organize and identify social individuals,thereby achieving effective extraction,infiltration,and integration of society.Therefore,there is an inherent connection between household organizations and state construction,and changes in household morphology often mean the transformation and upgrading of state construction.The core of this thesis is the shaping of household patterns by state construction,focusing on the ways,capabilities,limitations,and institutional mechanisms that state construction affects households.At the same time,the response of households to state construction is also the focus of this thesis.Based on this,this thesis takes S Village in the southern Shandong region as a research case,starting from the micro perspective of households,and attempts to answer the following questions through case analysis: How did the country gradually incorporate households into the historical process of state construction,and what was its starting point,process,and outcome? How did the state shape households in this process? How do households react to this shaping of the country? In this process,how has the relationship between the state and households changed? And what is the reason behind this relationship?Historically,households have shown a series of specific household patterns since their formation.The formation and change of these household forms are closely related to state construction,and will undergo corresponding changes due to the degree and manner of state construction.On the whole,the forms of household are mainly manifested in five specific patterns,namely,household resources,household awareness,household identity,household functions,and household governance.Each form of household is linked to and changes in state construction.This thesis also specifically explains the process of the impact of state construction on household morphology from these five parts.The first part mainly discusses the state’s resource extraction from households,pointing out that the state mainly effectively extracts household resources from two aspects: taxes and military service.With the development of history,the absorption relationship between the state and households is also changing.In the traditional period,there was a one-way absorption relationship between the state and households.After the founding of New China,especially since the reform and opening up,there has gradually been a two-way complementary relationship between the state and households.After the tax and fee reform,the state and households have increasingly presented a one-way service relationship;The second part focuses on the infiltration and elimination of household awareness by the state,pointing out that in the traditional period,individuals had a strong household awareness and a weak sense of the state.After the founding of New China,the state infiltrated the concept of state into households through land reform and collectivization movements,promoting the gradual disintegration of household consciousness.After the reform and opening up,individual consciousness gradually rose,and household consciousness further weakened;The third part mainly analyzes the process of shaping household identity by the state,pointing out that influenced by factors such as blood,economy,and culture,household identity in the traditional period has the characteristics of predestination,stratification,and hierarchy.After the founding of New China,the state adopted a series of strategies to reconstruct household identity,which at this time had a strong class color.After the reform and opening up,the country has gradually established an individual’s national identity,which continues to strengthen,and the color of household identity has further weakened;The fourth part focuses on exploring the state’s intervention and adjustment of household functions,pointing out that during the traditional view period,household functions were very complete,but due to natural disasters,war and other factors,households were extremely vulnerable to bankruptcy.After the country entered the market,it gradually intervened in the fields of household production,childbirth,education,elderly care,and other fields through integration,intervention,transformation,and support,achieving partial replacement and improvement of household functions,and promoting complementary advantages between national and household functions;The fifth part focuses on the guidance and norms of the state on household governance,pointing out that in the traditional period,household governance has a strong autonomy,with households exercising autonomy according to family laws and regulations,and the state rarely interfering,which belongs to a state of "people do not act,officials do not investigate.".After the founding of New China,the state abolished family laws and clan rules,and restricted and regulated household governance through political parties and laws.In the new era,the state has begun to recognize the functions of household governance again and consciously regulate and guide household governance.Based on the case study,this thesis draws the following research conclusions: First of all,there is a strong correlation between state-building and household morphology,and to a large extent,there is a negative correlation.That is,the stronger the state construction,the weaker the household morphology.When state construction is in the initial stage,households have sufficient resources,strong household awareness,prominent household identity,complete household functions,and independent household governance.As state construction continues to deepen,household resources are reduced,household awareness is weakened,household identity is weakened,household functions are declining,and household governance is limited.Of course,not all household forms will weaken with the strengthening of state construction.For example,tax reform represents the transformation and upgrading of state construction.At this time,the country stops absorbing household resources and instead increases the supply of resources to households.But while the country is increasing the supply of resources to households,national elements are gradually infiltrating into households,thereby continuously enhancing their influence on households.Therefore,the state is consciously weakening the impact of households on individuals,and constantly strengthening the relationship between the state and individuals.From the perspective of state construction,the household character is becoming weaker,the individuality and national character are becoming stronger,and the national will is gradually realized.The second is the internal tension and dynamic balance between state construction and household rationality.Household rationality represents the conservative,selfish,xenophobic,and lack of public spirit of households,which to some extent constitutes the force of social differentiation.Modern state construction represents a force of integration,and there is an internal tension between the two.This tension requires that the construction method,path,and strategy of the country must be premised on full respect for household rationality,while the country is also constantly dissolving and reconstructing this household rationality during the construction process.In this contradictory movement,the state and the household adjust each other’s behavior to reach a dynamic balance.Thirdly,from the perspective of state construction and household response,it has experienced a process from one-way promotion by the state to two-way interaction between the state and households.In the early stage of construction,the state exerted influence on households in a one-way way.At this time,the state aimed to control and absorb households,and households also showed a passive acceptance or resistance to this;In the late stage of construction,the state began to gradually attach importance to the collection and feedback of household opinions,and timely adjust policies to adapt to the development of households.At this time,the state aimed to support and guide households,and households showed a proactive cooperation and positive feedback.