| Research shows that the lack of physical activity(PA)and serious sedentary behavior are the causes of chronic non-communicable diseases such as overweight,obesity,cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,which is also a social issue of great concern to the Party and the State at present.Adolescents are the future hope and reserve force of national development,and their good health is an important cornerstone for national development.At the same time,health of Tibetan adolescents is also of great practical significance to promote its economic development and national prosperity.The physical fitness indicators such as height and weight of Tibetan youths have improved greatly,but their endurance and strength tend to significantly decline with age.The reason for this is the lack of PA.So,this study will explores the PA status and influencing factors of Tibetan adolescents from this ‘third pole’ with an average altitude of 4,000 meters,but some are in Tibet and others are not,and build a model of PA influencing factors to provide an scientific and effective development path for improving and enhancing healthy growth of Tibetan adolescents.The study used literature review,questionnaire,interview and mathematical and statistical method,and used PA scale,sedentary behavior scale,parental support scale,exercise benefit and impairment cognitive scale and survey on the factors affecting PA of Tibetan adolescents to conduct a field survey of 8941 Tibetan students(6577 students in Tibet and 2364 outside Tibet)from fourth grade in elementary school to third grade in senior high school.It was to learn their PA,personal factors,environmental factors,personal support,lifestyles,and school sports policies.At the same time,the national student physical fitness scores and academic examination results like Chinese,mathematics,English,and Tibetan.Interviews were conducted with some education and sports bureaus in Tibet and school leaders,classroom headmasters,teachers and students on sports awareness and support for.The following are the conclusions of this thesis:Ⅰ.All the Tibetan adolescents have their own characteristics of age,gender,and regional traits in PA,but are consistent with their peers’ physical and mental health.Among them,PA of the boys is generally higher than that of the girls,and increases with the age,while it is irregular of the females.Ⅱ.Individual factors play an important role in PA of Tibetan youth.Among them,the influence of sports cognition on the PA of Tibetan youth in and outside Tibet is greater,which shows that the higher the level of sports cognition,the higher the PA.Heavy academic stress(except Tibetan)is one of the causes of sedentary behavior among Tibetan teenagers,but the effect on PA is not obvious.Ⅲ.Natural environment,school environment,and residential environment all have significant effects on the Tibetan adolescents’ PA.Among them,natural environmental factors such as altitude and oxygen content,temperature,wind,sand,rain,snow,and ultraviolet are the objective factors.The development of intra-and extracurricular sports activities provide better opportunities to promote Tibetan youths’ PA participation.In addition,active transportation to and from school,well sports environment around the residence can promote Tibetan youths’ PA participation in Tibet.Ⅳ.Parents,teachers,and partners jointly influenced Tibetan adolescents’ PA,but each had different role effects.Among them,girls received higher parental support than boys,and secondary school students had higher parental support than elementary school students,but there were significant gender,school section,and regional differences between the different roles of mothers and fathers for the frequency of participation and intensity of their PA levels among Tibetan adolescents.The support and attention of relevant leaders and teachers in the education department increased PA motivation and participation of Tibetan adolescents.In addition,the support of peer partners had a direct contribution to the PA of Tibetan adolescents,and there were significant grades and gender differences in the impact on the PA of Tibetan adolescents,possibly due to the stage of psychological development or ethnic cultural characteristics.Ⅴ.The influence of lifestyle factor on PA of Tibetan adolescents showed some regional differences.Among them,probably due to the differences in cold climate,ethnic dietary habits,and cultural practices,Tibetan adolescents in the region give priority to high-energy foods such as meat over fruits and vegetables compared to Tibetan adolescents outside the region.In view of the differences in daily routine and living habits between Tibetan youth in and outside Tibet,Tibetan youth in Tibet also have the habit of taking siesta,which helps to nourish their energy and regulate their athletic status.There are differences in PA between the strong drinking culture,sports perceptions of Tibetan adolescents and school management.Tibetan adolescents in the region have the risky behavior of participating in sports after drinking alcohol,as well as the unscientific way of hydration during sports,and often participate in sports activities in a smoky environment.Ⅵ.The marginalized status of school sports,the lack of professional teachers,and the harsh natural environment are the major reasons for the low level of Tibetan adolescents’ knowledge of school sports policies,which affects their PA behaviors.School sports policies indirectly influence Tibetan adolescents’ PA,Tibetan adolescents’ participation in sports performance assessment and knowledge of the class sports assessment system have a greater impact on their PA.Ⅶ.Based on the social-ecological model,and Tibet’s natural environment,national culture,customs and other characteristics,the study proposed a natural-social-ecological model(N-SEM)model for PA of Tibetan adolescents that includes personal,environmental,crowd support,lifestyle and school sports policy factors,which provides some theoretical guidance for the study of PA of Tibetan adolescents. |
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