Research On The Adequacy Of Financial Investment In Preschool Education In China

Preschool education is the foundation of basic education,is the starting point and beginning of lifelong education,is also an important social public welfare enterprise preschool education not only has a unique role in the growth of children,but also has a great impact on social and national development The international community generally recognizes the important role of preschool education.Developed countries such as Europe and the United States also regard the development of preschool education as an important responsibility of the government and establish a government-led financial investment system However,for a long period of time since the reform and opening up,China’s preschool education has not been given due attention by the government,its public welfare has been weakened,the government’s financial investment in the field of preschool education is seriously insufficient,resulting in the difficult and expensive problem prominent,and become a note of social development in China’s disharmony Since 2010,the government began to attach importance to the development of preschool education.The central government took the lead in investing a large amount of financial funds to support preschool education,encouraging and guiding local governments to increase financial investment in preschool education,which to some extent effectively alleviates the problems of difficult and expensive preschool education.However,it should be pointed out that the foundation of preschool education in China is weak Historical debt,preschool education is still a short current in the whole education career,preschool education development in our country,such as general kindergarten supply Shortage of teachers and the overall quality to be improved Kindergarten safety frequent accidents and other problems,to a great extent,have close relationship with a serious shortage of financial input in preschool education However,the shortage of financial investment in preschool education is rooted in the institutional problems such as the unclear subject of investment in preschool education and the fuzzy sharing mechanism of expenditure responsibility between governments.It is urgent to conduct in-depth research on this aspect to improve the financial investment system of preschool education in China.In view of this,this thesis takes the adequacy of financial investment in preschool education in China as the research object,focusing on the following aspects:First,Theoretical analysis on the sufficiency of financial investment in preschool education.It includes the definition of concept,the theoretical basis of government intervention in preschool education,the reasonable division of government and market and the responsibility of financing preschool education between governments.In particular,the rationality of government intervention in preschool education is demonstrated from the perspective of fairness and efficiency,and the attributes of preschool education are divided into general public services and part of basic services.Based on the theory of fiscal decentralization,it is clear that preschool education is a common affair,and its financing responsibility should be shared by governments at all levels.Second,the evolution of financial investment system of preschool education in China mainly depends on the background system of economic system and financial changes.Against the background of economic system and financial system changes,the system combed the since the founding of the evolution of financial input in preschool education system in our country,reveals the economic system between financial system and financial input in preschool education system of internal logic in particular,the planned economy period,the characteristics of kindergarten,preschool education present as welfare single its funding sources After the reform and opening up to 2009,with the transition to the market economy system,the number of unit welfare preschool education formed under the conditions of planned economy declined significantly,and preschool education became socialized In the direction of market development,the financial investment mode of welfare and public welfare has been gradually weakened,and the contradiction between supply and demand of preschool education has become prominent since 2010.The state attaches great importance to the development of preschool education and pursues public welfare and universal benefits in the development of preschool education Under the new background,preschool education investment has increased significantly,school conditions have also been improved,and the initial formation of a government-led social participation in preschool education public service system.Third,in the existing financial input in preschool education present situation,and the evaluation of the adequacy This chapter tries to construct an index and standard system to evaluate the adequacy of financial investment in preschool education from the perspectives of financial input and output,and makes a comprehensive and systematic evaluation of the adequacy of financial investment in preschool education in China The evaluation conclusion is summarized as follows: from the perspective of investment,the level of financial investment in preschool education in China needs to be improved.The current financial investment in preschool education cannot meet the funding needs of existing preschool education institutions,and there is still a big gap between the financial investment in preschool education in China and that in developed countries From the perspective of output,whether from the policy objectives of preschool education in China or compared with developed countries,there is a big gap between the development scale and service quality of preschool education in China,and the existing financial investment in preschool education is difficult to meet the adequate level required by the corresponding scale and quality standardsFourth,the analysis of the influencing factors of pre-school education investment under the current financial system in China.From the theoretical level,this thesis analyzes the deep-rooted reasons for the lack of financial investment in preschool education in China,and makes an empirical test.Specifically,theoretically,China’s preschool education financial investment is insufficient,there are two main reasons: one is the lack of local financial resources;Second,insufficient local incentives;With GDP growth as the main performance indicator,local governments are reluctant to invest in preschool education,and the government also adopts a competitive strategy.At the same time,due to the existence of space spillover of preschool education,local governments also show investment preference in preschool education supply.Empirical test results show that the more abundant local financial resources are,the higher the level of financial investment in preschool education is.After a series of robustness tests and endogeneity treatment,local government promotion incentive is still established.The empirical results show that under the promotion tournament,local officials compete for political achievements,and there is an obvious lack of motivation to invest in preschool education which lacks rigid constraints.The spatial spillover effect analysis results show that local preschool education investment not only has a significant spatial spillover effect,but also this spillover is largely caused by population flow.Fifth,Prediction of financial investment demand for Preschool education in China under "Universal Three-child Policy".In order to ensure that the construction of preschool education financial system can cope with the impact of the change of birth rate in the future,this thesis uses the cohort factor method to measure the change of school-age population in the future under the "three-child policy",and predicts the demand for financial investment in preschool education according to the measured school-age population.The main conclusions are as follows: the one is population prediction;From2021 to 2035,the size of China’s birth population and the number of school-age children will increase first and then decrease,and gradually stabilize.Due to the double influence of the birth policy and preschool education enrollment rate,the number of children in kindergartens will increase first and then stabilize.Second,financial requirements;According to different reference standards,preschool education financial requirements are different.Referring to international standards,the financial demand of preschool education in China is increasing regardless of high standard,medium standard or low standard.In2021,the high-standard demand will reach 611.93 billion yuan,the medium-standard demand 513.31 billion yuan,and the low-standard demand 443.8 billion yuan.By 2035,high-standard demand will reach 144.54 billion yuan,medium-standard demand 980.88 billion yuan,and low-standard demand 837.4 billion yuan.Referring to domestic standards,China’s financial requirements for preschool education will reach 420.23 billion yuan in2021 and 870.70 billion yuan in 2035.Sixth,The experience and enlightenment of foreign preschool education financial investment system are mainly selected from Japan,the United States and the United Kingdom,three typical developed countries,from the government to undertake preschool education financing responsibility The responsibility of government expenditure on preschool education is divided into two aspects,and the present financial investment system of preschool education in these three countries is introduced in detail,and some common practices worth learning are summed up: first,perfect legal system;Second,the dominant position of government;Third,clear intergovernmental spending responsibilities;Fourth,we will support the development of private kindergartens.Seventh,the policy suggestions on the optimization of financial guarantee system for preschool education investment in China.Based on the above research conclusion,in view of the problem,draw lessons from international experience,based on the theory of normative analysis,based on national conditions,draw lessons from international experience,put forward the following Suggestions: one is to speed up the construction of preschool education financial security system,to draw on lessons learned to popularize nine-year compulsory education,pay attention to the urban and rural areas as a whole to promote and strengthen the top-level design Second,in the concrete of preschool education financial system reform path Preschool education should be made the responsibility of the government and the market boundary,reasonable division of the central and local government of preschool education education governance and expenditure responsibility scope optimization of the structure of financial input in preschool education,the innovation way of financial support Three is by speeding up legislation to build and improve preschool education budget and the evaluation system and establish a preschool education financial capital supervision and evaluation system and related supporting measures...