| In the context of building an innovative country,the connection between universities,industry and the economy is getting closer and the interaction is becoming more frequent.Universities are the hotbeds of original theories and frontier knowledge creation,and the cradle of breakthrough innovations.Academic entrepreneurship is an important way to transfer knowledge from universities outward,which enables cuttingedge research outputs from universities to be applied to entrepreneurial practice,and promotes high-quality economic development.In 2016,the Law on Promoting the Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements,as revised by the State Council,clearly pointed out that university teachers and scientific researchers should be actively encouraged to transform their scientific research achievements and increase the transformation rate of scientific and technological outcomes.In 2018,the Opinions on Promoting High-Quality Development of Innovation and Entrepreneurship to Create an Upgraded Version of "Double Innovation" promulgated by the State Council once again pointed out that a national innovation system with deep integration between universities and industries should be established as soon as possible.Different academic entrepreneurial activities are encouraged for different potential entrepreneurs,especially for researchers and university teachers.Against the background of academic entrepreneurship,especially the willingness of academic entrepreneurship among university teachers,has become an important research topic and has accepted increasing attention among scholars.Therefore,this paper attempts to conduct an in-depth study on the factors influencing academic entrepreneurial intention and the formation mechanism.Firstly,we identify the factors influencing academic entrepreneurial intention by using grounded theory analysis;secondly,we study the formation mechanism of academic entrepreneurial intention from multiple perspectives such as "external conditions" and " internal drives" based on push-pull-mooring theory,planned behavior theory,and cognitive-emotional processing system theory;thirdly,we use multiple regression analysis to test the relevant hypotheses;finally,a fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis is then used to explore the group effect of academic entrepreneurial intentions formation.In summary,the research findings of this paper are mainly six points as follows.First,the factors influencing academic entrepreneurial intention are mainly divided into two aspects: external conditions can be further divided into the pull,push,and mooring factors,and internal drivers can be further divided into rational and emotional factors.Pull factors include entrepreneurial opportunity identification and expected entrepreneurial benefits,push factors include job stress and career plateau,mooring factor include inertia,rational factors include academic entrepreneurial attitude,subjective norm and perceived behavioral control,and emotional factors include entrepreneurial inspiration and entrepreneurial passion.Second,pull factors such as entrepreneurial opportunity identification and expected entrepreneurial benefits all have significant positive effects on academic entrepreneurial intention.In terms of push factors,career plateau has a significant positive effect on academic entrepreneurial intention,and job stress does not have a significant effect on academic entrepreneurial intention.Third,there is a synergistic effect of pull and push factors on academic entrepreneurial intention.There is a synergistic effect between job stress and expected entrepreneurial benefits in the formation of academic entrepreneurial intention.The synergistic effect of job stress and entrepreneurial opportunity identification was not significant.There is a synergistic effect between career plateau and entrepreneurial opportunity identification in the formation of academic entrepreneurial intentions,and a non-significant synergistic effect between career plateau and expected entrepreneurial benefits.In addition,mooring factor moderates the synergistic effects of pull and push factors on academic entrepreneurial intentions.Inertia negatively moderates the synergistic effect of entrepreneurial opportunity identification and job stress or career plateau on academic entrepreneurial intentions.Inertia does not have a significant negative moderating effect on the synergistic effect of expected entrepreneurial benefits and job stress or career plateau on willingness to engage in academic entrepreneurship.Fourth,rational factors such as academic entrepreneurial attitude,subjective norm,and perceived behavioral control all have significant positive effects on academic entrepreneurial intention.Emotional factors such as entrepreneurial inspiration and entrepreneurial passion also have a significant positive effect on academic entrepreneurial intention.Moreover,the degree of influence of rational factors on academic entrepreneurial intentions is greater than that of emotional factors,and academic entrepreneurship is more of a rational-led behavioral decision.Fifth,emotional factors have a moderating role in the process of rational factors influencing academic entrepreneurial intention.Specifically,entrepreneurial inspiration not only positively moderates the relationship between academic entrepreneurial attitude and academic entrepreneurial intention,but also positively moderates the relationship between perceived behavioral control and academic entrepreneurial intention.Entrepreneurial passion not only positively moderates the relationship between academic entrepreneurial attitude and academic entrepreneurial intention,but also positively moderates the relationship between subjective norm and academic entrepreneurial intention.Sixth,there are three main configurations of academic entrepreneurial intention,namely,"pull-rational-driven","push-non-inertia-emotional-driven",and "multidriven".The "pull-rational-driven" grouping is dominated by pull and rational factors in the formation of academic entrepreneurial intention.The "push-non-inertiaemotional" configuration is dominated by push,mooring,and emotional factors.The "multi-driven" configuration combines the core conditions of both the "pull-rationaldriven" and "push-non-inertia-emotional-driven" configurations,and the academic entrepreneurial intention generated by this configuration is dominated by pull,push,mooring,rational and emotional factors.The research innovations of this paper are mainly as follows.First,a qualitative research method combining rooting theory and in-depth interviews is used to identify the influencing factors of academic entrepreneurial intention.The formation of academic entrepreneurial intention is a complex process,which is influenced by various factors.At present,existing scholars have explored the influencing factors of academic entrepreneurial intention from different perspectives,but in general,the understanding of the influencing factors of academic entrepreneurial intention is still not comprehensive,and the necessary attention to some potential influencing factors is lacking.In this paper,we use methods such as rooting theory and in-depth interviews to conduct a qualitative study on the influencing factors of academic entrepreneurial intention and try to comprehensively identify the influencing factors of academic entrepreneurial intention.Second,we analyze the influence of both pull and push factors on academic entrepreneurial intention and explore the synergistic effect of them in the formation of academic entrepreneurial intention.Existing studies have more explored the pull effect of positive factors of external conditions on academic entrepreneurial intention,while less studies have explored the push effect of negative factors of university teachers’ work on academic entrepreneurial intention.Few studies have explored the synergistic effect of pull and push factors on academic entrepreneurial intention.Based on the push-pull-mooring theory,this paper not only explores the pull effect of positive factors such as social network,organizational support and expected entrepreneurial benefits on academic entrepreneurial intention,but also introduces negative factors in university teachers’ work such as job stress and career plateau to explore their push effect on academic entrepreneurial intention.The paper also explores the synergistic effects of pull and push factors on academic entrepreneurial intention,and the moderating effect of inertia as a mooring factor on the synergistic effects of them.Third,we compare the differences in the influence of rational and emotional factors on academic entrepreneurial intention and explore the combined effect of them in the process of academic entrepreneurial intention formation.Existing studies have more explained the formation process of academic entrepreneurial intention from a rational perspective,taking the rational decision-making of individuals as a premise.Few studies have explored the formation mechanism of academic entrepreneurial intention from an emotional perspective,ignoring the important role of emotional factors in the formation process of academic entrepreneurial intention.Based on the cognitive-emotional processing system theory,this paper explores the role of both rational and emotional factors in influencing academic entrepreneurial intention and compares the differences in their effects on academic entrepreneurial intention.More importantly,this paper also analyzes the combined effect of rational and emotional factors in the formation of academic entrepreneurial intention and clarifies the different roles they play in the formation of academic entrepreneurial intention.Fourth,the group effect of academic entrepreneurial intention formation was investigated using the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis method.Most existing studies have used quantitative analysis methods such as structural equation modeling and multiple regression analysis to empirically examine the formation mechanism of academic entrepreneurial intention from different perspectives,but few studies have used fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis to explore the group effect of academic entrepreneurial intention formation.Based on the empirical analysis,this paper further explores the matching patterns and grouping relationships of pull factors,push factors,mooring factor,rational factors,and emotional factors affecting academic entrepreneurial intention by applying the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis method to complement the findings of the empirical analysis.In conclusion,this paper comprehensively analyzes the identification of factors influencing academic entrepreneurial intention,the empirical testing of the formation mechanism of academic entrepreneurial intention,and the grouping effects by using the methods of rooting theory,quantitative analysis,and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis.This paper not only enriches the factors influencing academic entrepreneurial intention but also deepens the research on the formation mechanism of academic entrepreneurial intention,which is a useful supplement to the existing research in the field of academic entrepreneurial intention. |
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