| Higher education institutions have become the main force of basic research and high technology innovation,playing an important role in the development of science and technology innovation in China.However,in recent years,the science and technology output performance of higher education institutions in China needs to be improved,both in terms of major science and technology achievements and national science and technology awards,the proportion of universities in the country is decreasing.To further improve the performance of science and technology output of higher education institutions in China,improving the index system of measuring science and technology output of higher education institutions is the key link,and clarifying the driving mechanism of science and technology output of higher education institutions and designing the improvement strategy are necessary conditions.At present,the construction of the index system for measuring science and technology output of higher education institutions in China is still in its initial stage,and it is urgent to establish a set of index system for measuring science and technology output with the characteristics of higher education institutions.It is important to clarify the mechanism of these drivers and design a systematic and effective strategy to improve the performance of higher education institutions based on them.Based on the above background,this paper firstly constructs a measurement model of university science and technology input level,talent contribution value and science and technology output performance based on performance management theory,science and technology productivity theory,Griliches-Jaffe knowledge production function and other related theories,and expands the evaluation method of university science and technology output performance.Secondly,the driving mechanism of university science and technology output is explored through empirical analysis,the direct and lagged effects of each factor are studied,and the heterogeneity analysis of the factors influencing the performance of university science and technology output is conducted.Then,the dynamic evolution law of university science and technology output performance is predicted through simulation.Finally,based on the research findings,the strategies for improving the performance of science and technology output in China’s higher education institutions are proposed.The main research contents and conclusions of this paper are summarized as follows:(1)Measurement of the level of science and technology R&D inputs in higher education institutions.This paper measures the index of higher education institutions’ science and technology R&D input in terms of quantity,quality and efficiency by constructing a factor analysis model.It is found that,firstly,the investment in science and technology R&D in higher education institutions in China has been enhanced from2001 to 2020.It is mainly reflected in the average annual increase of 9.64% in research institutions of higher education institutions nationwide,the average annual increase of5.09% in research institutions per higher education institution,the average annual increase of 7.89% in R&D personnel of higher education institutions nationwide,and the average annual increase of 16.6% in R&D investment(expenditure)of higher education institutions in China.Secondly,from 2001 to 2020,the total amount of R&D investment in China is increasing,while the intensity of investment(growth rate)is slowing down.This is mainly reflected in the fact that the index of R&D investment in higher education in China rose from 0.145 in 2001 to 0.187 in 2010,and then fell to0.076 in 2020,which is consistent with the change of China’s economic development rate.(2)Measurement of the contribution value of scientific and technological R&D talents in higher education institutions.Further analysis is carried out from the current situation of R&D talent contribution performance of higher education institutions,from the determination of education talent index and talent contribution value,and the construction and improvement of Cobb-Douglas function model to design the index system of R&D talent contribution measurement of higher education institutions in China.It is found that,firstly,the proportion of the value added of educational talents’ contribution in the national economic growth increases year by year.Secondly,the value added of China’s education industry has shifted from being mainly driven by material(capital)factors to being mainly driven by talent factors,and the output elasticity of talent factors is 1.5 times higher than that of capital factors.Third,the value of contribution of scientific and technological R&D talents in higher education is increasing year by year,and scientific and technological R&D talents have become the core strength of educational talents.Fourthly,the contribution of national scientific and technological progress to national economic growth is much larger than the contribution of scientific and technological R&D talents in higher education to the economic growth of education.(3)Measurement of science and technology output performance of higher education institutions.Firstly,based on the current situation of science and technology management in higher education institutions,we set up an index system to measure the performance of science and technology output in higher education institutions,including academic performance and economic performance.Secondly,the level of scientific research performance of higher education institutions in China was measured by principal component analysis.Finally,ANOVA and mean comparison methods were used to study the variability of scientific and technological output performance of higher education institutions among different regions,universities and disciplines.It was found that,firstly,the results of measuring the scientific and technological output performance of colleges and universities showed that the economic performance and academic performance indices of scientific and technological output of national colleges and universities kept improving from 2001 to 2020.Secondly,the ANOVA on the index of scientific and technological output performance of colleges and universities in China shows that there are significant differences in the overall scientific and technological output performance,academic performance of scientific and technological output and economic performance of scientific and technological output among different regions,school specifications,school affiliations,school types and disciplines.(4)Analysis of driving mechanisms of science and technology output performance of higher education institutions.This paper identifies the internal and external factors influencing the scientific and technological output performance of higher education institutions and reveals the driving mechanism of each factor on the scientific and technological output performance.It is found that,firstly,the scientific and technological output performance of colleges and universities has a strong correlation with both academic performance and economic performance of scientific and technological output of colleges and universities,which indicates that the two dimensions divided can effectively reflect the outcome output of colleges and universities.Secondly,scientific and technological R&D investment has a facilitating effect on the scientific and technological output performance,academic performance and economic performance of universities.Thirdly,the effect of R&D inputs in science and technology on academic performance of universities is stronger and the effect on economic performance of universities is smaller,which indicates that the effect of the elements of R&D inputs in science and technology of universities on science and technology output has a lagging effect.Fourthly,the analysis among different regions shows that research and experimental development personnel,government funding input,basic research expenditure and research and experimental development expenditure in the eastern,central and western regions all have a significant positive effect on the performance of university science and technology output.Fifthly,based on the system dynamics simulation,it is found that the influencing factors in internal inputs and external environment have positive effects with feedback loops on the scientific and technological output performance of universities.(5)Strategies to improve the science and technology output performance of higher education institutions.Based on the results of the previous theoretical foundation,measurement study,empirical analysis and simulation study,this paper proposes strategies to improve the science and technology output performance of higher education institutions in China from three aspects,including science and technology input,talent incentive and external environment.Specifically,firstly,the strategies to improve the performance of science and technology output in terms of internal inputs are proposed from the perspective of science and technology talents and financial inputs in higher education institutions.Secondly,we propose the strategies to improve the performance of science and technology output in terms of internal mechanism from two dimensions of science and technology management mechanism and incentive mechanism of science and technology talents in higher education institutions.Finally,the strategies to improve the performance of science and technology output in terms of external environment are proposed from three dimensions: economic environment,social environment and cultural environment,in order to provide reference for improving the level of science and technology output performance of higher education institutions in China.The paper includes 49 diagrams,47 tables and 199 references. |
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