| Purpose:According to the 7th National Population Census Bulletin(No.5)released by the National Bureau of Statistics,by the end of 2020,the population aged 60 or above will reach 264 million,accounting for18.70% of the country’s population,among which 190 million,or 13.50 percent,will be aged 65 or above.According to the 7th National Population Census Bulletin(No.5)released by the National Bureau of Statistics,by the end of 2020,the population aged 60 or above will reach 264 million,accounting for 18.70 percent of the country’s population,among which 190 million,or 13.50 percent,will be aged 65 or above.With age,there are degenerative changes in body function,including loss of muscle strength,loss of balance,and loss of physical activity.This increases the risk of falls,hospitalization,disability and death among older adults.Different forms of exercise have a better effect on the health of the elderly.A study by The American College of Sports Medicine(ACSM)confirms that high-intensity resistance training is the "gold standard" for improving muscle strength and mass.However,some elderly people are often unable to carry out high-intensity exercise.In terms of motivation and exercise compliance,low-intensity exercise may be more suitable for elderly people than high-intensity resistance exercise.Therefore,this paper,through the feasibility verification and randomized controlled trial of low-intensity compression and resistance training program,observed the influence of low-intensity compression and resistance training on lower limb muscle strength,balance ability and physical activity ability of the elderly,and observed the changes in the concentrations of growth hormone,insulin-like growth factor-1 and testosterone after a single low-intensity compression and resistance training.And to observe the difference between low-intensity compression resistance training and high-intensity resistance training in improving muscle strength,balance ability and physical activity ability,to explore whether low-intensity compression resistance training can replace high-intensity resistance training as an effective training way to improve muscle strength,balance ability and physical activity ability of the elderly.Methods:1.Literature methodThis study searched and read books,policies and literature related to pressure resistance training through China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang database,web of science database,PubMed database and EBSCO database.It provides theoretical support for the establishment of topic selection,index selection and data analysis of this study.2 experimental methodThis paper includes two studies: feasibility experiment and randomized controlled trial.(1)Feasibility study of the intervention program: a 4-week uncontrolled before and after comparison trial.Thirteen healthy community elderly(66.29 ± 5.78 years old)were enrolled in low-intensity pressure resistance training(40 minutes,3 times a week).The lower limb compression measures were completed with the assistance of the coach,and the pressure of 180 mm Hg was selected as the pressure for low-intensity compression resistance training.When the subject was seated in a chair for pressurization,the cuff was inflated multiple times from 50 mmhg,increasing the pressure by20 mm Hg each time until the pressurization reached 180 mmhg.The exercise program was leg push exercise,and the intensity was chosen as 30% of the maximum repetitive strength,with a total of 75 repetitions in 4 sets of exercises(30 repetitions in the first set,15 repetitions in the second to fourth sets).The interval between each set of exercises was 50 seconds.The pressure was maintained during the rest period and the pressure was rechecked.Before and after intervention,the physical condition,sleep quality,life quality and exercise program satisfaction were observed and evaluated.(2)Randomized controlled trial: a 12-week randomized controlled trial.Fifty-five healthy community elderly were randomly divided into three groups: low-intensity pressure resistance training group(BFR,65.52±4.68 years old),high-intensity pressure resistance training group(HL,65.84±5.32 years old)and control group(C,66.74±5.46 years old).Control subjects maintain daily habits,low intensity pressure resistance training subjects 12 weeks of low intensity pressure resistance training(40 minutes each time,three times a week),motion scheme on the basis of the experiment a set,select180 MMHG pressure pressurized pressure as a low pressure resistance strength training,start with 50 MMHG pressure pressure cuff for many times,Increase the pressure by 20 mm Hg each time until the pressurized pressure reaches 180 mmhg.The exercise program was leg push exercise,and the intensity was 30% of the maximum repetitive force,with a total of 75 repetitions in 4 groups(30 repetitions in the first group and 15 repetitions in the second to fourth groups).The interval between groups of each exercise was 50 seconds,and the pressure was maintained during the rest period and the pressure was rechecked.Subjects in the high-intensity resistance training group received leg push resistance training with 60 seconds interval for 12 weeks,3 times a week,70%1RM,4 groups with 40 repetitions,10 times in each group.The concentrations of growth hormone,insulin-like growth factor-1 and testosterone were measured before and after the first low-intensity pressure resistance training.Before and after intervention,isokinetic muscle strength,balance ability and physical activity ability of the hip,knee and ankle joints of the three groups were tested,including peak moments of extensor and flexor muscles of each joint at 60°/s and 180°/s angular velocity.WIN-POD balance score,Berg Balance Scale score,functional reach,stand up timed to walk,30-second sit stand,and 10-meter timed to walk.Results:(1)The results of the feasibility study of exercise program showed that after 4 weeks of low-intensity pressure resistance training,the subjects’ physique(quiet venous pressure)and sleep quality(P < 0.05)were significantly improved,and the quality of life(physiological total score)was also significantly improved.All subjects were satisfied with the exercise regimen(100%)and had no adverse events.(2)In the 12-week randomized controlled trial,the average number of training sessions in the LBP group was 32.8(30-36),and the average participation rate was 91.2%.Subjects in the high-intensity resistance training group participated in the course for an average of 31.9 times(28-35 times),with an average participation rate of 88.7%.All data are based on intentionality analysis and the results are as follows:①strength: After 12 weeks of intervention,compared with the control group,the strength of extensor and flexor muscles at two angular velocities of hip joint was significantly increased in the low-intensity pressure resistance training group(P < 0.05),and the strength of 60°/s flexor muscles,180°/s extensor muscles and 180°/s flexor muscles of knee joint were significantly increased(P <0.05).The strength of 60°/s extensor,60°/s flexor and 180°/s extensor of ankle was significantly improved(P < 0,05).In addition,the 60°/s extensor muscle and 60°/s strength of knee joint were significantly increased(P < 0.01).Compared with low-intensity pressure resistance training,hip joint60°/s extensor strength was significantly improved in high-intensity resistance training group(P <0.05).Compared with high-intensity resistance training,low-intensity pressure resistance training had a more significant effect on ankle 180°/s flexors(p < 0.05).②Hematological indexes: Compared with those before intervention,the concentrations of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 were significantly increased after the first acute low-intensity pressure resistance training(P < 0.01).However,testosterone concentration had no significant change(P > 0.05).③Balance ability: After 12 weeks of intervention,compared with the control group,low-intensity pressure resistance training was performed in the mean Y-axis deviation range of standing eyes open with two feet,the mean X-axis shaking speed of standing eyes closed with two feet,the mean Y-axis shaking speed of standing eyes open with one foot,and the mean Y-axis deviation range of standing eyes open with two feet.The average X-axis offset,Y-axis shaking speed and Y-axis offset were significantly improved(P < 0.05).The mean shaking velocity of Y axis was significantly improved(P < 0.01).Compared with high-intensity resistance training,low-intensity pressure resistance training improved the mean Y-axis shaking speed more significantly in standing with feet and eyes closed.Compared with the control group,low-intensity resistance training could significantly improve the Berg balance scale score and functional forward distance(P < 0.05,P < 0.01),but the improvement degree was significantly lower than that of high-intensity resistance training(P < 0.05).④Physical activity ability: After 12 weeks of intervention,compared with the control group,the subjects in the low-intensity pressure resistance training group had significant improvements in standing up and timed walking,sitting and standing for 30 seconds,and timed walking for 10 meters(P< 0.01,P < 0.01,P < 0.05).Compared with high-intensity resistance training,there was no significant difference in each index.Conclusion:(1)12 weeks of low-intensity pressure resistance training and high-intensity resistance training both significantly increased the hip and knee muscle strength of the lower limbs of the elderly,and the high-intensity resistance training increased the maximum strength of the hip extensor muscle of the high-intensity resistance training was significantly better than the low-intensity pressure resistance training.The effect of low-intensity pressure resistance training on improving ankle muscle strength was significantly better than that of the control group,and the effect of improving ankle maximum flexor strength was significantly higher than that of high-intensity resistance training.(2)After acute intervention,low-intensity pressure resistance training had a significant effect on improving the concentration of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1,but no significant change in testosterone concentration was observed.(3)After 12 weeks of intervention,low-intensity pressure resistance training and high-intensity resistance training had positive effects on static balance in the elderly.Both groups could significantly improve the dynamic balance ability and functional balance ability,and there was no significant difference between groups.(4)After 12 weeks of intervention,both low-intensity pressure resistance training and high-intensity resistance training can significantly improve the physical activity ability of the elderly,and there is no significant difference in the improvement effect. |
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