An Empirical Study Of The Effects Of Functional Training On Sports Participation Of 13-15 Year Old Adolescents With Moderate Intellectual Disabilities In Special Schools

Purpose of the Study:Motor participation is an important prerequisite for forming complex motor skills and engaging in regular physical activity,and its level of development is crucial for the development of motor habits and ph ysical health in children with moderate intellectual disabilities age d 13-15 years or older.Children with moderate intellectual disabilit ies tend to be a more vulnerable and neglected segment of the populat ion with higher prevalence of disease,physical disability,and more health problems than children with mild intellectual disabilities.Du e to the difficulty of operation and the high level of support needs,most of the current studies have excluded children with moderate int ellectual disabilities,and there is a lack of exercise interventions for this group,but children with moderate intellectual disabilities also have the right to survive and develop healthily,and their heal th development should and must be paid attention to.Based on this,f irstly,this study developed a theoretical model of the sport partici pation promotion hypothesis,identifying four main influencing factor s:sport participation ability,sport participation performance,teac hing system,and activity conditions.Second,from the perspective of sports participation,this study analyzes the developmental status a nd needs of sports participation abilities(motor quality,basic moto r skills,and quality of movement patterns)of children with moderate intellectual disabilities;the developmental status and needs of spo rts participation performance(physical activity level,attitude towa rd sports,and motivation for sports)of children with moderate intel lectual disabilities;and the systemic factors of sports health care education in county-level special schools(program goal system,organ izational form,content selection,implementation structure,etc.);a nd analysis of the problems of sports conditions(time,instruction,venues,equipment)in county-level special schools.Finally,this stu dy develops a targeted functional training program and explores the i mpact of this program on sport participation of adolescents with mode rate intellectual disabilities.Research Methods:This study used literature,interview,test,Delphi,action research,experimental,and mathematical statistics as the main research metho ds to develop a theoretical model of the sport participation promotio n hypothesis and to derive the four most most important factors affec ting sport participation.Secondly,in the cross-sectional study,con venience sampling method,mathematical statistics method and intervie w method were used to analyze the current situation and problems of t he 4 main factors affecting sports participation.Finally,action res earch and experimental methods were used to construct a functional tr aining program and investigate the effects of the program on exercise participation.Research results:(1)Sports participation ability,sports involvement performance,tea ching and learning system,and activity conditions are four important influences on sports participation of 13-15-year-old adolescents wit h moderate intellectual disabilities.(2)The overall level of sports participation of adolescents with mod erate intellectual disabilities aged 13-15 years old in special schoo ls was low.Poor sports quality,lack of internal motivation,lagging development of motor skills,lack of specialized sports facilities a nd equipment,lack of specialized physical education teachers and tea cher training,inappropriateness of sports and activities,lack of as sessment and feedback,lack of individualized teaching plans,and ins ufficient auxiliary support were the important factors contributing to the limitation of sports participation of 13-15-year-old adolescent s with moderate intellectual disabilities in special schools.(3)Functional training for adolescents with moderate intellectual di sabilities aged 13-15 weeks old in special schools was organized with the stage goal of promoting sports participation.The program develo pment and implementation structure consisting of the organizational form of group teaching;the structural framework of basic movement ski lls,transitional skills and special movement skills;the program obj ectives of enhancing ability,promoting participation and healthy lif e,and the assessment method combining process and outcome,qualitati ve and quantitative evaluation,is highly feasible.(4)The implementation of the Functional Training Program for 13-15 y ear olds with moderate intellectual disabilities in special schools h as enhanced the level of motor quality,basic motor skills,quality o f movement patterns,level of physical activity,motivation,attitud e,and mindset of the 13-15 year olds with moderate intellectual disa bilities in special schools,and has improved their daily performance of sports participation.The functional training program has a facil itating effect on the sports participation of adolescents with modera te intellectual disabilities aged 13-15 years old in special schools.(5)The Functional Movement Screening can also be applied to the popu lation of adolescents with moderate intellectual disabilities aged 13-15 years old in special schools with certain feasibility and reliabi lity.The prerequisite is that the participants have sufficient langu age comprehension.Research conclusions:(1)Physical fitness quality,movement skills,quality of movement pa tterns,level of physical activity,motor attitude,motor motivation,teaching system,and activity conditions are important factors influ encing the sports participation of 13-15-year-old adolescents with mo derate intellectual disabilities.(2)The overall level of sports participation of adolescents with mod erate intellectual disabilities aged 13-15 years old in special schoo ls is low.Poor sports quality,lack of internal motivation,lagging development of motor skills,lack of specialized sports facilities an d equipment,lack of professional physical education teachers and tea cher training,inappropriateness of sports and activities,lack of as sessment and feedback,lack of individualized teaching plans,and ins ufficient auxiliary support are important factors contributing to the limitation of sports participation of 13-15 year old adolescents wit h moderate intellectual disabilities in special schools.(3)Functional training programs with the ultimate goal of promoting sport participation.The program development and implementation struc ture consisting of the organizational form of group teaching;the str uctural framework with basic movement skills,transitional skills and special movement skills;the program goals of enhancing ability,pro moting participation and healthy life,and the assessment method comb ining process and outcome,qualitative evaluation and quantitative ev aluation,is highly feasible.(4)The implementation of the Functional Training Program has enhance d the level of motor quality,basic motor skills,quality of movement patterns,level of physical activity,motivation,attitude,and mind set of 13-15 year-old adolescents with moderate intellectual disabili ties in special schools,and improved their daily performance in spor ts participation.The functional training program has a facilitating effect on the sports participation of adolescents with moderate intel lectual disabilities aged 13-15 years old in special schools.(5)The Functional Movement Screening can also be applied to the popu lation of 13-15 year old adolescents with moderate intellectual disab ilities in special schools with some feasibility and reliability.The prerequisite is that the participants have sufficient language compr ehension.