Effects Of Different Types Of Functional Trainig On Balance Ability In Children With Intellectual Disabilities

Purpose: Balance ability is an essential body function to maintain daily life and plays an important role in motor development and motor skill learning.Balance deficiency is one of the most important physical functional defects in people with intellectual disabilities(ID).In order to improve the life quality of people with ID,it is necessary to explore ways to improve their balance ability.In the context of vigorously promoting the integration of sports and medicine,the way to improve the physical and mental health of special people through sports has attracted wide attention from all walks of life.In this study,thirty children with moderate ID in a special education school were given12-week exercise intervention to explore the influence of three types of funcional training on the balance ability of children with ID.To explore the better methods to improve the balance ability of children with ID,in order to provide some suggestions and references for the formulation and implementation of exercise intervention programs for the balance ability rehabilitation of children with ID.Methods: A controlled experiment was used to compare the effects of different types of functional training on the balance ability of children with ID.A total of 30 children with moderate ID in a special education school in Chongqing were randomly assigned to the strength group(n=10,age 12.1±1.66,IQ 41.6±3.69),balance group(n=10,age 12.3±1.57,IQ 42.5±3.75)and combined strength and balance training group(experimental group,n=10,age 11.7±1.70,IQ 42.2±5.03).The three groups received 12 weeks of exercise intervention.The strength group received anti-gravity lower extremity and core muscle strength training;the balance group received sensory integration balance training under different ground conditions using auxiliary instruments;the experimental group received combined strength and balance training.The balance ability was tested by the Berg balance scale(BBS),one-leg standing test(OLS)and forward reach test(FRT)before and after the experiment.The muscle strength of the hip,knee and ankle extensor and flexor muscle groups were tested by the hand-held muscle strength tester Micro Fet3.Data analysis One-way ANOVA was used to analyze the differences between the three groups before and after the balance and muscle strength tests.Paired sample T test was used to analyze the differences between the test before and after the group.Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between balance ability and muscle strength.Results:(1)Before intervention,there was no significant difference in balance test and lower limb muscle strength between the strength group,balance group and experimental group,and the subjects in the three groups had the same baseline level.The score of BBS indicated that 8 of the 30 children with intellectual disabilities had poor balance ability,and that resulted in the risk of falling.(2)After intervention,for the score of BBS,there were significant differences between the balance group and the experimental group(P=0.011<0.05),and insignificant difference between strength group and balance group,strength group and experimental group;for OLS test and FRT,no significant differences were found between the three groups(P>0.05).In terms of muscle strength test after intervention,significant differences were showed in strength of hip and knee extensor muscle group between the balance group and the strength group(P<0.01),in strength of knee flexor muscle group between the experimental group and the strength group(P<0.01),and in strength of hip flexor muscle group between the balance group and the experimental group(P<0.01).(3)Paired samples T test showed that differences between the strength group,balance group and experimental group in the balance test were statistically significnat.The improvement degree of the experimental group was the highest,while that of the balance group was the lowest.In terms of muscle strength,the strength of all joint muscle groups of lower limbs in the strength group and the experimental group were significantly improved,and the improvement was more obvious in the strength group,while there was no significant difference in the muscle strength of other joint muscle group of lower limbs in the balance group except the ankle joint.(4)Correlation analysis results showed that the score of BBS was positively correlated with lower limb muscle strength(r>0.3 P<0.05);the standing time on OLS test was not correlated with the strength of knee flexor and ankle dorsal flexor,but was positively correlated with the strength of other muscle groups(r>0.3 P<0.05);the distance of FRT was not correlated with the muscle strength of the extensor knee,but was positively correlated with the muscle strength of other muscle groups(r>0.3P<0.05).Conclusions:(1)Strength training,balance training,and combined balance and strength training can effectively improve the balance ability of children with ID.(2)With certain movement ability and training conditions,combined strength and balance training is a more efficient exercise intervention.(3)Lower extremity muscle strength is an important factor affecting balance ability.Attention should be paid to the benefit brought by muscle strength improvement in the intervention of balance ability of children with ID.