| Agriculture is the foundation of the national economy,farmers are the majority of the population in China,and rural areas are the places for agricultural production and farmers’ life.Whether for the economy or the society,the production of agriculture,the development of farmers,and the construction of rural areas,all are very important content.Agriculture,rural areas and farmers have made great progress in agricultural output,rural economy and life,and farmers’ income since China was founded.However,with the overall development of the economy and society,urban and rural comparison,there are still many problems.In order to promote coordinated economic development and social harmony,the problems of agriculture,rural areas and peasants must be attached importance.Only to achieve agricultural modernization,rural economic development,and peasants living an affluent life,China can walk steadily on the road to a well-off society,and seek to the goal of a modern country."The key to a well-off life lies in peasants",as President Xi has said,which is the best illustration of the importance of agriculture,peasants and rural areas.With China’s economy enters a new era,the main contradiction in Chinese society has changed.According to a report of the 19th national congress of the communist party of China,the principal contradiction in Chinese society has been transformed into one between unbalanced and inadequate development and the people’s ever-growing needs for a better life.From a national perspective,the imbalance of urban and rural development is the top priority among many imbalances,and the inadequate development of rural areas is also the biggest one among many inadequacies.The imbalance between urban and rural development has a long history.After the founding of the People’s Republic of China,in order to rapidly develop the economy,the government adopted the "catch-up strategy",giving priority to the development of industry,and excecuted a polily of "heavy industry and light agriculture".The state did not invest much in the agricultural and rural farmers,but the agricultural and rural farmers undertook the task of providing support to industry to a large extent.The policy of "take more and give less" to agriculture,rural areas and farmers has brought a certain degree of damage,the development gap between urban and rural areas in infrastructure construction,public service supply,consumption and investment structure,urban and rural income etc wider and wider,caused a serious imbalance between urban and rural areas.The inadequate development of rural areas is mainly reflected in the inadequate supply of public goods and services,such as education,medical care,health care,etc.Although there has been a great improvement,but for a large agricultural and rural population,its quantity and quality have appeared the problem of inadequate.Narrowing the gap between urban and rural areas,promoting balanced development between urban and rural areas,and addressing the inadequate supply of public goods and services in rural areas have become a key breakthrough in resolving the major contradiction in China’s current society.Under such a circumstance,it is very urgent to revitalize the countryside,promote the industry production of the countryside,push forward the development of rural economy and social,and let farmers have a well-off life.The strategy of rural revitalization was put forward in the report of the 19 th national congress of the party.Rural revitalization is a strategy in line with the current reality of China.It is a response to the declining in rural,and a full affirmation of the status and value of rural areas.It is the general focus of the work of "agriculture,rural areas and farmers" in the new era and the main goal of the future work in the field.The fiscal expenditure on agriculture is the expenditure related to agriculture,and it is the main means for the state to support agriculture,remedy the market failure in the agricultural field,develop rural areas and readjust the distribution of farmers’ income.Since the fiscal expenditure on agriculture is closely related to agriculture,rural areas and farmers,the rural revitalization strategy naturally puts forward new requirements on it.In order to realize the original intention,and help achieve rural revitalization,the fiscal expenditure on agriculture must closely follow the connotation and goal of rural revitalization,and be designed and directed under the framework of rural revitalization strategy.This article uses the rural revitalization strategy as a framework to study the effect of fiscal expenditure on agricultural support on rural revitalization.It aims to measure the effect of the current fiscal expenditure on agricultural support on rural revitalization,find problems from it,and propose optimization suggestions.In addition to the introduction chapter,this article mainly explores and draws conclusions from the following aspects:The first is to study the issues related to rural revitalization and fiscal expenditures on supporting agriculture.Firstly,it analyzes the implementation of China’s rural revitalization strategy from the theoretical background,realistic background,and starting conditions,and then analyzes the proposed rural revitalization strategy and its connotation goals.Putting forward the strategy of rural revitalization will have a bearing on the main policy tool of the state’s regulation and control of agriculture,peasants,and rural areas.The chapter has studied the theoretical and practical basis,concept,scope definition,and historical evolution of fiscal expenditures supporting agriculture.Then,organically combining fiscal expenditures on agricultural support and rural revitalization,the paper studies the theoretical basis of fiscal expenditures on agricultural support affecting rural revitalization,and designs the overall frame of agricultural expenditures to promote rural revitalization according to the requirements of the rural revitalization strategy on fiscal expenditure.The second is to study fiscal expenditure on agriculture and rural industrial prosperity.It points out the prosperity of rural industry is a multidimensional goal,including the realization of agricultural modernization,the organic integration of the three systems of agricultural industry,production and operation,and the integration of rural industries.It studies the mechanism and path of the effect of fiscal expenditure on agriculture on agricultural science and technology,agricultural efficiency,agricultural quality,and agricultural integration respectively.Then it takes the four aspects as the system layer,and chooses indicators to build the rural industry prosperity index system according to the scientific,representative,feasibility principle.Combined with the index data,the entropy weight method is used to weight the index,and the prosperity level of rural industry in 28 provinces and cities from 2007 to 2016 in China’s mainland is calculated.The panel model is constructed with the prosperity of rural industry as the dependent variable and the fiscal expendicuture on agriculture as the core explanatory variable.In the selection of empirical methods,considering that there may be a causal relationship between the fiscal expenditure on agriculture and the prosperity of rural industry,which would lead to the problem of endogeneity,the article uses the instrumental variable method to carry out regression estimation.Both the empirical results and the robustness test prove that the fiscal expenditure on agriculture can significantly promote the prosperity of rural industry and rural revitalization.Further,the samples are divided into eastern,central and western regions,empirically found that regional financial expenditure on agriculture still has a significant positive effect on the prosperity of rural industry,but the effect exists regional heterogeneity.It appears that in the central arear,fiscal expenditure on agriculture has a maximum force,and in the western areas,the force is minimum.Combined with the relevant research conclusions of other scholars,the article supports that the regional heterogeneity of the effect is related to the regional heterogeneity in the use efficiency of financial support to agriculture.The third is to study fiscal expenditures on agriculture and the peasant’s well-off life.The peasants’ well-off life contains multi-dimensional connotations,which are mainly reflected in three major aspects: peasants’ poverty alleviation,peasants’ income increase,narrowing of urban-rural income gap,and peasants’ consumption upgrading.The article theoretically studies the mechanism and realization path of fiscal expenditure on agriculture in these aspects.Then these aspects are taken as the system layer to build an indicator system for peasants’ well-off life with choosing suitable indicators.Combining the data and using the entropy weight method to weight the indicators,the peasants’ well-off living standards in 26 provinces in China’s mainland from 2010 to 2017 are caculated.In terms of empirical strategies,considering that well-off living has a strong correlation in space,a spatial panel econometric model is build based on spatial geoeconomics to conduct research.The economic distance between the provinces is used as a spatial weight matrix.The first step is to test the spatial correlation of the explanatory variable.Both the Moran’I index and the Moran scatter plot confirm the existence of spatial effects,and it provides strong support for the choice of spatial econometric model.Next,LM test and LR test are performed on the model to decide to choose the sutable form of the spatial model.At last,Spacial Dobbing model(SDM)is chosen for research.After the maximum likelihood(ML)regression estimation and the robustness test of the transformed spatial weight matrix,the results show that,considering the space overflow,the total effect of fiscal expenditure on agriculture on the peasant’s well-off life is significantly positive,and it can effectively promote the improvement of peasants’ affuence.However,from the perspective of direct effects,the effect of fiscal expenditure on agriculture on the peasant’s well-off life in the region is not obvious.This result once again requires to paying attention to the application efficiency of fiscal support for agriculture.The fourth,the article studies fiscal expenditures on agriculture and rural ecological livability.Rural ecological livability is also a multidimensional connotation,including beautiful rural natural environment,comfortable humane environment,and convenient living facilities.The article theoretically studies the mechanism and implementation path that fiscal expenditure on agriculture affects the three aspacts.Based on these three connotations of ecological livability as the system layer,the article selects suitable indicators to build a rural ecological livable indicator system.Combining the data and using the entropy method to weight indicators,the rural eco-livable levels of 26 provinces in China’s mainland from 2007 to 2016 are calculated.Considering the strong path dependence of ecological livable variables,the article constructs a dynamic panel model with rural ecological livability as the explanatory variable and fiscal expenditure for supporting agriculture as the core explanatory variable for empirical research.In order to overcome the endogenous nature of the dynamic panel model and the endogenousness of macroeconomic variables due to mutual causality,the DIF-GMM method is used for regression estimation.Empirical results and robustness tests confirm that fiscal support for agriculture has a significant positive effect on rural ecological livability,and can effectively help rural revitalization.Further,fiscal expenditures for agricultural support are subdivided into agricultural,forestry,and water expenditures,rural community affairs expenditures,and rural energy conservation and environmental protection expenditures.It is found that rural community affairs expenditures and rural energy conservation and environmental protection expenditures still contribute to the improvement of rural ecological livability Significantly,but the effect of agricultural,forestry and water expenditure is not significant.Investigating the reasons,it is believed that the biggest possibility is that agricultural,forestry,and water expenditures mainly affect the ecological livability of rural areas through agricultural green subsidies,which were put into trial use in 2015 in some provinces,and only in 2016 the official launched these subsidies nationwide.It means that during most of the article,s research period,agricultural subsidies in agriculture,forestry,and water expenditures are still yield-oriented subsidies,so the effect on rural ecological livability is not significant.The fith is to summarize the research conclusions of this article,and put forward policy recommendations for further optimization of fiscal expenditures on agriculture in the context of China’s rural revitalization strategy.The research in this article mainly has three conclusions.Agricultural,forestry,and water affairs expenditures can significantly promote the prosperity of rural industries,but there are regional heterogeneity in their utility;Under the premise of space spillover effects,the total fiscal expenditure including agricultural,forestry and water affairs expenditure,rural education expenditure,and rural social treatment expenditure has a significant positive effect on the peasant’s well-off life,which can effectively promote the peasant’s affluence.But the direct effect is not significant.total fiscal expenditure including agricultural,forestry,and water affairs expenditures,rural energy conservation and environmental protection expenditures,and rural community affairs expenditures can significantly promote rural ecological livability.After further subdivision,the positive effect of rural energy conservation and environmental protection expenditure and rural community affairs expenditure on rural ecological livability are still significant,but the effect of agricultural,forestry and water expenditure is no longer significant;Based on the above research conclusions,this article focuses optimization on the fiscal support from four aspects: principles,management systems,expenditure content,and innovative methods to better fit the new strategy and help rural revitalization. |
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