Study On The Impact Of Social Capital Embeddedness On Farmers’ Income Growth: Mechanism And Empirical

Farmers’ income growth has always been the fundamental problem of the agriculture development,rural areas,and farmers.In recent years,the "three rural issues" in China have been undergone profound changes and are facing new trends,new situations,and new problems.Social capital going to the countryside has profoundly changed the sources and factors contributing to increased farmers’ income.Therefore,it is urgent to explore the mechanism and ways of supplying new production factors on farmers’ income growth.It provides theoretical and practical support for realizing the sustainable growth of farmers’ income,guiding the integrated development of urban and rural areas,promoting small scale farmers to connect with the big market,realizing the organic connection between traditional agriculture and modern agriculture,and realizing the strategy of Rural Revitalization.Based on combing the historical evolution process of social capital embeddedness and farmers’ income growth,and thoroughly investigating the reality of social capital embeddedness influencing farmers’ income growth in rural areas,this paper analyzes the influence mechanism of social capital on farmers’ income growth from the individual and group level.Based on the survey data of 397 households in 37 villages in 11 cities of main producing areas of sugar orange in Guangxi ,this paper constructs a conditional process analysis model based on continuous variables to verify the resource allocation effect of individual social capital self-embedding on farmers’ income growth;constructs a general nested space model and its degradation model to demonstrate the spatial spillover effect of particular social capital others embeddedness on farmers’ income growth;constructs a conditional process analysis model based on categorical variables to verify the influence of different embedded patterns of regional social capital on Farmers’ income growth.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The effect of individual social capital self-embeddedness on the formation of farmers’ livelihood capital and internal resource allocation affects the growth of farmers’ income.In the process of individual social capital affecting farmers’ income growth,there are three paths: social capital(structural)→ farmers’ income,social capital(structural)→ natural capital → farmers’ income,social capital(structural)→ material capital → farmers’ income.Individual social capital plays the role of resource "glue" in allocating natural capital and material capital.At the same time,the income effect of social capital on livelihood capital has different degrees of adjustment.(2)Individual social capital other embeddedness has an external spatial spillover effect on Farmers’ income growth.(a)The relational social capital has an unstable significant level spatial spillover effect on farmers’ income growth.(b)The natural capital of neighboring farmers(land scale and centralized management)has a particular spatial squeeze on farmers’ income.The land scale and centralized management have a spatial agglomeration effect.The improvement of the overall financial capital of neighboring farmers is conducive to the growth of farmers’ income,and the improvement of the rural financial environment provides an excellent agricultural operation environment for farmers.The individual social capital of neighboring farmers plays a "catalyst" role in farmers’ income.(c)The spatial spillover effect of adjacent farmers’ social capital weakens with the increase of distance,including social capital.Livelihood capital is not the only factor affecting the growth of farmers’ income.There may be other unknown factors that impact farmers’ income.Further research shows that farmers go out to work to receive agricult ural technology training experience more farmers’ income has a significant positive i mpact.(3)There are different patterns of social capital embeddedness.(a)Compared with the state of no embeddedness(low embeddedness),exogenous embedded social capital can promote farmers’ income by promoting the scale and intensive management of agricultural land and promoting the socialization of agricultural production.But it has a negative "squeezing effect" on farmers’ financial capital.(b)The embedded regional social capital has a positive effect on the financial capital of village farmers.It then affects the growth of farmers’ income,resulting in a "win-win" absorption effect.(c)The external loose embedded regional social capital has a positive regulatory effect on the income effect of financial capital and material capital.It also has a negative inhibitory effect on the income effect of natural capital and human capital.The social capital with endogenous close embeddedness has a positive effect on the income effect of material capital.Also,it has a negative inhibitory effect on the income effect of natural capital.According to the research conclusion,this paper puts forward some suggestions on the construction and expansion of modern social capital based on organization and cooperation,including carrying out diversified cooperation in the capital field among agricultural management entities,constructing the organization and platform carrier of modern social capital connection,establishing the interest linkage mechanism of modern social capital organization and cooperation,and providing institutional guarantee for the expansion of agricultural modern social capital.The innovation of this paper is as follows:We expand the new research object and research vision.First,this paper takes social capital as a new factor affecting farmers’ income growth into the effect study,breaking the traditional research to land,capital,and labor as the factors affecting farmers’ income growth.Second,the theory of scale economy is applied to the frame construction,individual level,and group level analysis in this paper,which expands the research perspective of social capital theory and combines economics and social economics.Third,the research of spatial spillover effect is refined to the individual farmers,which breaks through the limitations of the existing study on the spillover effect of regional spatial adjacency and expands the content of spatial spillover effect.Second,the research found is new: this paper constructs the conditional process analysis model and finds that social capital not only has a direct impact on farmers’ income but also has an impact on farmers’ income through adjusting and allocating livelihood capital;social capital also has a regulatory role in the income effect of livelihood capital;by constructing a general nested space model for analysis,it is found that the social capital and part of the income of adjacent farmers are affected by social capital The closer the distance,the greater the spillover effect.By constructing the conditional process analysis model based on multi categorical variables,it is found that the resource allocation effects of different embedding modes of regional social capital on Farmers’ income growth are distinct.The third is the new viewpoint.According to the latest findings,this paper puts forward some suggestions on the construction and expansion of modern social capital based on organization and cooperation,including carrying out diversified collaboration in the capital field among agricultural management entities,constructing the organization and platform carrier of modern social capital connection,establishing the interest linkage mechanism of current social capital organization and cooperation,and providing institutional guarantee for the expansion of agricultural modern social capital.These new views provide a new way to realize the sustainable growth of farmers’ income proposed by the party and the government.