| China’s dream of catching up and catching up for a hundred years is to realize the overall modernization.Agricultural modernization is not only an important part of China’s overall modernization,but also the basis of guaranteeing the overall modernization.Since the 21 st century,the academic circle has been exploring what kind of road China’s agricultural modernization should take,one of the focal points of debate is how to deal with the relationship between small farmers and modern agriculture.The main contradiction of agricultural modernization lies in the contradiction between decentralized small-scale peasant economy and socialized large-scale production caused by the household contract responsibility system.Influenced by the theory of optimal allocation of economic factors of production,agricultural industrialization and land scale management are regarded as the main ways to solve conflicts and realize modern agriculture.Admittedly,the scale of agricultural operation to a certain extent is conducive to the concentration of resources,improve agricultural intensification,modernization degree;However,agricultural industrialization and land scale management also face many restrictions,slow development,and even stimulate contradictions,affecting the stability of rural society.People much less is the basic national conditions,China’s agriculture will persist small farmers will constitute the main body in the main agricultural management for a long time,according to the third agricultural census data,according to the national total of 228 million peasant households,of which 10 acres of land operation under 210 million peasant households,thus it can be seen,land small operation status did not change obviously.The realistic background of China determines that small farmers must link up with modern agriculture organically.Modern agriculture cannot let small farmers fall behind.Only by stabilizing the operation of small farmers’ families can China’s agricultural modernization go steadily,smoothly and well,which is closely related to realizing the goal of common prosperity for all people.It has become a consensus of scholars and current policies that small farmers should actively integrate into modern agriculture.However,how to establish a bond and bridge between small farmers and modern agriculture has become a practical problem that needs urgent solution for small farmers to integrate into modern agriculture.The emergence of agricultural managers is based on the practical needs of agricultural development,and is another application of principal-agent theory in the field of agriculture,which originated in Chongzhou City,Sichuan Province.Agricultural managers are professional agricultural operation and management groups,engaged in agricultural production organization,technical support,product processing and sales,seeking maximum economic benefits for the operating subject and its members,namely small farmers,from which they get corresponding rewards.Agricultural managers of small farmers in stimulating more and more been recognized theoretical circle,around the farm manager’s research mainly focused on managers’ emergence,development status,role play,and the influence factors of farmers’ professional co-operatives to hire farm managers,etc.,from small farmers into the perspective of modern agriculture,less discussed agricultural leading role of managers.Therefore,this paper focuses on exploring whether agricultural managers can lead farmers to transform from traditional agricultural production to modern agricultural production.What path can agricultural managers take to drive small farmers to modernize?The essence of these problems is that agricultural managers drive small farmers into modern agriculture.Faced with resource constraints,there is a threshold for small farmers to choose modern agricultural production mode,and the uncertainty of production increases the difficulty for farmers to transform from traditional agricultural production mode to modern agricultural production mode.The research of this paper has important theoretical and practical significance.In this paper,small-scale rice farmers who are most directly related to China’s food security issues are selected as research objects,supported by principal-agent theory,information asymmetry theory,transaction cost theory,collective action theory and entrepreneurial talent theory.On the contradiction between "small farmers with modern agriculture,the possibility of small farmers and modern agriculture integration,small farmers into the necessity of modern agriculture" problem has carried on the theoretical analysis,build "small farmers to adopt traditional agricultural production mode-agricultural managers to drive-small farmers to adopt modern agricultural practices" the theory of analysis model,It is proposed that "agricultural managers can promote farmers to choose modern agricultural production mode,because the choice of modern agricultural production mode can promote farmers to obtain greater output,In order to obtain a greater level of utility welfare ","financial support,information support,technical support,sales support and human capital promotion support are specific paths for agricultural managers to drive small farmers into modern agriculture".Second,in combing historical logic and the realistic condition of small farmers in China,managers’ development history and the practice of agriculture and small farmers into modern agriculture,on the basis of the policy and the present situation of using 814 rice planting small peasant household survey data,selects the Probit model,tend to score matching(PSM)and endogenous switching regression model(ESR),The deviation caused by observable and unobservable factors was controlled to test the influence of agricultural managers on the integration of small farmers into modern agriculture,including the influence on the adoption of modern agricultural production mode and the influence on the welfare utility of farmers.Structural equation model(SEM)was used to test the role path of agricultural managers driving small farmers to integrate into modern agriculture and unlock the black box of agricultural managers driving small farmers to integrate into modern agriculture.The main research contents and conclusions are as follows:(1)Agricultural managers drive smallholders to integrate into modern agriculture by promoting farmers to adopt innovative production behaviors.In terms of adopting new varieties,hiring agricultural managers with professional agricultural knowledge and a keen sense of market,accurately grasping the needs of consumers,introducing new products and improving the quality of agricultural products in a market-oriented manner may be more likely to win the approval of farmers.In terms of the adoption of new planting methods,agricultural managers’ keen judgment of market environment,institutional environment and their own needs will promote the adoption of new planting methods.By using the law on the prophylaxis and control of plant diseases and insect pests,managers have superb professional skills and frequent contact with the market opportunity,the control of information more timely,accurate and efficient,the member can be the guidance and training of the new technology,promotes the farmer to advanced adopted on the prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests,so as to break through the traditional pest control technology.The results showed that the probability of farmers adopting new varieties,adopting new planting methods and applying new pest control methods were increased by 88.25%,93.79% and 251.71%,respectively,when the cooperative employed agricultural managers.(2)Agricultural managers drive small farmers to integrate into modern agriculture by promoting farmers to adopt green production behaviors.Under the management of agricultural managers,specialized farmer cooperatives organize scattered small farmers to unify production standards and quality standards of agricultural products,promote green agricultural production,and more easily restrict the production behavior of farmers.Agricultural managers,based on their own technical level and the resource advantages of external universities and scientific research institutions,can train more members and farmers,and establish and improve the supervision system of quality and safety of agricultural products.The results show that the cooperative employment of agricultural managers will significantly increase the probability of farmers applying green prevention and control technology,carrying out green certification and organic certification by 96%,86.47% and 62.86%,and increase the input of organic fertilizer by 50%.(3)The integration of agricultural managers into modern agriculture reflects the improvement of the welfare level of smallholders.The entrepreneurial ability of agricultural managers can promote the development of rural human resources,better regard farmers as the economic foundation of agricultural and rural development,stimulate the labor vitality of cooperative members,namely small farmers,and thus improve the economic income of small farmers as a whole.The participation of agricultural managers not only improves the economic income of farmers,but also increases their participation,which in turn improves the subjective feelings of farmers.Therefore,the employment of agricultural managers will improve the subjective feelings of farmers to a large extent.Specifically,after the employment of agricultural managers,the gross income of cooperative farmers planting rice will increase by 51.14%,the net profit per mu will increase by 38.19%,the subjective happiness of farmers will increase by 45.79%,and the sense of gain of farmers will increase by 66.62%.(4)Agricultural managers drive small farmers to integrate into modern agriculture through information support,technical support,financial support,sales support and helping small farmers to carry out human capital promotion mechanism.Information support has a significant mediating effect between the introduction of agricultural managers and the integration of smallholders into modern agriculture.The introduction of agricultural managers can help solve the problem of insufficient information acquisition ability of small farmers,so that small farmers can obtain the corresponding market and production and operation information at a lower cost,and then improve their integration into modern agriculture.Technical support has a significant mediating effect between the introduction of agricultural managers and the integration of smallholders into modern agriculture.Agricultural managers have excellent professional knowledge and management experience,can impart production technology to small farmers,guide farmers to use new agricultural production technology,improve their productivity,and then encourage small farmers to participate in the development of modern agriculture.Financial support has a significant mediating effect between the introduction of agricultural managers and the integration of smallholders into modern agriculture.On the one hand,agricultural managers often have a high level of management experience,can reasonably reduce the cost of agricultural operation,to a certain extent,save money.On the other hand,agricultural managers have a wide social network,which is conducive to the introduction of external capital in the agricultural production process.Furthermore,financial support provides a material basis for smallholders to integrate into modern agriculture.Sales support plays a significant intermediary role between the introduction of agricultural managers and the integration of smallholders into modern agriculture.Agricultural managers to farmers can help small farmers to open the market for agricultural products,extend the industrial chain of agricultural products,and then help small farmers to participate in modern agricultural production and operation.The human capital improvement has a significant mediating effect between the introduction of agricultural managers and the integration of small farmers into modern agriculture.The introduction of agricultural managers means the investment of human capital in agricultural production and operation.The improvement of human capital helps agricultural production and management to have strong competitiveness in all links,which can better adapt to the development of modern agriculture and improve the level of small farmers’ integration into modern agriculture.Based on the above research conclusions,this paper puts forward three countermeasures to strengthen the positive factors affecting the effect and overcome the negative factors affecting the effect: to coordinate the mechanism of talent team and improve the comprehensive quality of agricultural managers;To construct the interest linkage mechanism and promote the effective integration of agricultural managers and small farmers;We will improve the operational mechanism of the socialized agricultural service system and enhance the leading role of agricultural managers in the development of small farmers.And it will rise to the level of curing method,system,that is,the formation of the corresponding mechanism.The innovation of this paper lies in:(1)The theoretical analysis framework of agricultural managers driving small farmers to integrate into modern agriculture was constructed.Based on principal-agent theory,information asymmetry theory,collective action theory,transaction cost theory and entrepreneur talent theory,this study analyzes the influence of agricultural managers on the integration of small farmers into modern agriculture,and deeply discusses the mechanism of agricultural managers driving small farmers into modern agriculture.This paper constructs the theoretical framework that agricultural managers in Accordance with The Chinese situation can drive small farmers to integrate into modern agriculture and provides a novel perspective for the study of small farmers’ integration into modern agriculture.(2)The quantitative index system of small farmers’ integration into modern agriculture was innovatively constructed from three dimensions of innovative production,green production and welfare improvement.Most existing literature only uses income to measure the result of smallholder’s integration into modern agricultural development.On the basis of absorbing the existing research and combining the production function,ecological function and social function of modern agriculture,this paper constructs a comprehensive index system to measure the manifestation of smallholders’ integration into modern agriculture.(3)From the perspective of agricultural managers,the heterogeneity of farmer specialized cooperatives is fully considered and relevant research on farmer specialized cooperatives is expanded.The existing literature rarely considers the heterogeneity of farmer specialized cooperatives caused by the difference in governance structure,and most of them regard farmer specialized cooperatives as homogenous objects to study.This paper systematically from the Angle of theory and practice and hiring managers of agricultural cooperatives and were not hiring managers of agricultural cooperatives in driving small farmers into the differences in the process of modern agriculture,for the deep understanding in the process of the small farmers into modern agriculture,the farmers’ professional co-operatives of two different types of clues,And to further promote the steady implementation of the rural revitalization strategy to provide strong guidance. |
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