Calculation And Application Of Carbon Marginal Abatement Cost In China From Different Perspectives Based On DEA Method

As the largest carbon emitter in the world,China is facing tremendous emission reduction pressure from both international and domestic.Its emissions have been increasing year by year.During 2000 and 2011,the upward trend is the most obvious,increasing by about 2.85 times.In order to highlight the image of a big country,change the mode of economic growth and promote the development of low-carbon economy,China has taken the initiative to undertake and committed a series of emission reduction tasks and goals.In order to achieve the promised emission reduction targets,the Chinese government has promulgated and implemented a variety of emission reduction measures,including command and control based and market-oriented measures.The calculation of marginal abatement cost(MAC)can provide basic decision information for the implementation and evaluation of emission reduction measures.Especially in China,the economic development mode,industrial structure,energy consumption structure,technology level and resource endowment of each region are different,resulting in huge differences in the MAC.The objective and reasonable calculation of the differences among regions can effectively balance the economic development and environmental protection of each region,and promote the construction of "resource-saving,environment-friendly and ecological civilization" society.However,on the one hand,there are many kinds of calculation methods for MAC,and there is no unified standard,which leads to huge differences in calculation results under different themes,research scopes and calculation logics,and the same method also has different model defects under different perspectives.On the other hand,the further application of the calculation results is the core content of the MAC calculation research.However,the existing literature on these two aspects of collaborative research is still less.Therefore,this paper studies MAC from theory and application.(1)Sort out the existing results of MAC,and clarify the advantages,disadvantages and applicability of different models,so as to further clarify the theoretical research framework of this thesis.In short,the nonparametric DDF measurement method is based on the theory of production economics,which can extend the application fields to the micro level of enterprises and industries,and has the advantages of no need to determine the specific function form,easy calculation and processing,clear information expression,etc.Therefore,this thesis mainly studies in the framework of DEA theory.(2)Direct calculation and application of MAC from the perspective of non-concentration.First of all,taking each province as the research object,an improved measurement method is proposed to avoid the appearance of negative-type MAC.A decomposition model is proposed to study the internal factors that affect the MAC.Finally,considering the goal of fairness and cost minimization,the marginal abatement cost curve(MACC)is used to allocate carbon emission reduction tasks to each province.(3)Direct calculation and application of MAC from a centralized perspective.In order to solve the problem of ―Law of One Shadow Price‖,firstly,the research object is raised from the provincial level to the national level,and the centralized DEA model is proposed to measure the overall MAC of the country from the perspective of concentration,and the MACs under different development modes are measured.Finally,the results are applied to the study of carbon tax setting,which provides relevant policy recommendations for the implementation of carbon tax in China.(4)Direct calculation and application of MAC from the perspective of energy optimization.At present,carbon dioxide emissions in China are mainly generated by energy consumption.In order to reflect the relationship between the MAC and energy consumption and solve the problem of energy increase or decrease in the process of energy optimization,first of all,the left and right energy marginal productivity and the left and right carbon MAC of the decision-making unit are calculated by using the direction deviation technology.Then a proactive DEA model is constructed to estimate the impact of carbon trading on carbon emissions,and to estimate the acceleration effect of carbon trading on carbon peak.(5)Indirect calculation and application of MAC from the perspective of carbon trading.The research mode of calculating the MAC first and then using it may cause the defect of redundant calculation or insufficient agreement with the application level.In order to solve this problem,this thesis proposes an indirect estimation method from the perspective of carbon trading,and studies the impact of carbon trading on the economy,the choice of initial quota allocation mode and the setting of carbon price in carbon trading.On the basis of the empirical results,some policy suggestions are provided for the establishment of national carbon trading market.