| Poverty has been around since the beginning of human society.Solving the problem of poverty is the common pursuit of human society.Throughout world history,and from both China and abroad,economists and sociologists have formed a series of theoretical systems around the generation and solution of poverty.Countries around the world have also made many attempts to reduce poverty to maintain social stability and promote economic development,but the results have not been satisfactory.From theory to practice,from the standpoint of poverty reduction to the methodology of poverty reduction,there are many limitations in Western poverty reduction,which restrict the effectiveness of poverty reduction,and the social problems caused by poverty have become more and more serious.On the contrary,as the first developing country in the world to eliminate absolute poverty,China’s poverty reduction path has been proven to be an effective way to solve these limitations.From the perspective of poverty reduction and the development of all mankind,the path of poverty reduction with Chinese characteristics is a response to the Western practice of poverty reduction,and the anti-poverty theory with Chinese characteristics developed in practice is a refutation of the Western theory of poverty reduction.China’s achievements in poverty reduction have been widely recognized by the international community,and scholars at home and abroad have conducted serious analyses from different perspectives and disciplines.This paper systematically researches and composes the political economy logical framework of China’s poverty reduction path based on existing studies.The article consists of eight chapters in total.The first chapter is the introduction,which mainly describes the background and significance of the selected topic,the current status of domestic and international research,defines the core concepts of poverty,poverty eradication,poverty reduction,anti-poverty,poverty alleviation,and poverty governance,and explains the possible innovations and deficiencies of this paper.Chapter 2 is an analysis of the historical process and major achievements of the poverty reduction path with Chinese characteristics.This chapter sorts out the historical context of China’s poverty reduction practice in more detail,and divides China’s poverty reduction process for more than 70 years into five stages from the perspective of the evolution of main strategies and policies: the stage of institutional change and relief poverty alleviation,the stage of institutional reform to promote poverty alleviation,the stage of large-scale developmental poverty alleviation,the stage of comprehensive developmental poverty alleviation,and the stage of an innovative system to eradicate poverty comprehensively.The historical inevitability of the evolution of China’s poverty reduction strategies and policies and the achievements of each stage are highlighted.The historical achievements of poverty reduction in China are then argued using macro statistical data and micro research data respectively.The content of chapters three,four,five and six is the main part of the article.Chapter 3 constructs the logical framework of the political economy of the poverty reduction path with Chinese characteristics.Based on analyzing the deviations of the Western logic of poverty reduction,this chapter explains how the path of poverty reduction with Chinese characteristics transcends the Western theory of poverty reduction and the basic connotation of this path and points out the fundamental logic of the path of poverty reduction with Chinese characteristics.For a long time,the field of global poverty reduction and development has been dominated by the Western discourse system.Western scholars’ logic on poverty generation and poverty reduction can be broadly divided into four categories: First,they regard poverty as a natural and rational phenomenon and thus fail to develop proactive poverty reduction ideas;Second,they believe that growth can automatically solve the problem of poverty through the trickle-down effect,and therefore advocates liberalization and marketization to reduce poverty;Third,they advocate solving the poverty problem through distributional adjustment;and fourth,they advocate poverty reduction through individual stimulation and empowerment.However,the reality is that Western poverty reduction theories not only cannot solve the poverty problem but also cannot explain the poverty reduction practice in China.Therefore,we need to build our discourse system and analytical framework.China’s poverty reduction follows the dialectic of historical development,always focuses on the free and comprehensive development of human beings,promotes comprehensive poverty reduction in development,and lays the foundation and provides the conditions for human development.The most fundamental logic of poverty reduction in China lies in the effective combination of "system" and "governance",which is reflected in the unification of the three key logics of poverty reduction:development logic,system logic and governance logic.Chapters 4,5,and 6 discuss these three key logic respectively.Chapter 4 discusses the logic underlying poverty reduction in China-the logic of development.Poverty reduction in China is poverty reduction in the context of a rapid productivity boost.This chapter seeks to illustrate the development logic of the path of poverty reduction with Chinese characteristics,i.e.,why China must take productivity development as an important means and basis for poverty reduction,how China can achieve poverty reduction by promoting productivity development,and how effective and whether there are boundaries to productivity boost for poverty reduction.The chapter first argues positively why socialism must enable productivity boost and why poverty reduction requires productivity development in the first place.Secondly,this paper argues from the opposite side why China must adhere to the basic logic of “development” in poverty reduction.Thirdly,this paper expounds on the poverty reduction idea of China’s productivity development,that is,the specific poverty reduction mechanism of productivity development,from the aspects of the overall improvement of productivity,the subject and object elements and intermediary elements of the productivity system in poverty-stricken areas.Finally,through data analysis,the result demonstrates the huge poverty reduction effect of my country’s productivity development,and at the same time shows that this poverty reduction effect has a boundary,and the breaking of this boundary depends on a society that is adapted to the development of productivity and just production relations and the establishment of the on the superstructure.Chapter 5 discusses the central logic of poverty reduction in China-the logic of institutions.Poverty reduction in China is poverty reduction in the context of continuous change and improvement of production relations.This chapter discusses the institutional logic of poverty reduction in China from three aspects:First,it discusses from a positive perspective why poverty reduction should adhere to institutional logic.The second is through the practice of poverty reduction in Western countries which ignores institutional logic to negatively demonstrate that China’s poverty reduction must adhere to the core of institutional logic.Third,it explains the poverty reduction rationale of China’s basic economic system: the establishment and continuous adjustment and optimization of advanced production relations not only further promote the development of productive forces and create fundamental institutional prerequisites for poverty eradication,but also have natural advantages for poverty reduction: China’s public ownership-based ownership structure can effectively avoid polarization and is the institutional basis for concentrating power to do great things,while the public ownership economy is the backbone of poverty reduction in China.At the same time,the public sector economy is the backbone of poverty reduction in China,and the non-public sector economy,which has developed under the encouragement,support and guidance of the state,also has unique advantages in poverty reduction.The distribution system in which distribution according to work is dominant realizes the organic unity of efficiency and fairness in the interaction,which not only promotes economic development and provides a foundation for poverty reduction but also continuously promotes and realizes fairness and justice,primary distribution and redistribution in the context of rapid economic growth.All focus on the principle of fairness,which is conducive to increasing the income of the poor.The organic combination of an effective market and a promising government has achieved a pro-poor transformation of the market.While making full use of the market’s high-efficiency advantages,it can also use the market to reduce poverty.Chapter 6 discusses the logic of governance,the guarantee logic of poverty reduction in China.Poverty reduction in China is driven by a strong superstructure.This chapter also discusses the governance logic of poverty reduction in China from three aspects.The first is to discuss from the front why poverty reduction should adhere to this logic.The superstructure has the characteristics of "exclusivity",and it is the basic task of the socialist superstructure to fight against poverty.Second,it argues that China must adhere to the logic of governance as a guaranteed logic for poverty reduction,in contrast to the lack of a strong driving force for poverty reduction in Western countries.Third,it illustrates the logic of poverty reduction in China’s socialist superstructure: As the core political force in the superstructure of the socialist country,the Communist Party of China’s centralized and unified leadership ensures the scientific nature of the fundamental path and specific implementation strategies for poverty reduction in my country,as well as the high-level promotion,efficient advancement and high-standard completion of poverty reduction.It constitutes the greatest political advantage in China’s poverty reduction;gradually establishing a sound system of poverty governance under the leadership of the Communist Party of China is a powerful institutional guarantee for China’s poverty reduction.The people-centred national ideology and the stable and harmonious social concept structure play an important ideological leading role,promote poverty reduction as a national cause,and gather the common will of all people to reduce poverty.The "grand pattern" formed on the institutional basis and ideological soil promotes the "great poverty alleviation",showing the "Chinese power" of poverty reduction.Chapter 7 is an analysis of the world value of the poverty reduction path with Chinese characteristics.This chapter discusses the Chinese wisdom that China’s poverty reduction contributes to the global poverty reduction cause based on the analysis of the Western poverty reduction context.The first section of this chapter sorts out the poverty reduction practices of Britain,the United States,and India respectively,clarifies their basic poverty reduction logic,and elucidates the fundamental limitations of their poverty reduction.The reason why the poverty reduction work in Western countries is in trouble lies in the separation of "system" and "governance".Its government ignores the fundamental impact of the capitalist system on poverty,and its social superstructure based on private ownership lacks the driving force to promote poverty reduction.The high welfare state,represented by the United Kingdom,has experimented with "getting something for nothing",but the result is that while the problem of poverty still exists,the high welfare has become an unbearable pain for the economy and society.The oft-repeated and fluctuating high poverty rates in the United States have also proved the mediocrity of its various individual stimulus programs.The coexistence of a high GDP growth rate and high poverty rate in India also shatters the myth that "growth would automatically lead to the trickle-down effect to reduce poverty".Under such poverty reduction conditions,China’s poverty reduction wisdom has important world value.The second section of this chapter discusses the "special" and "general" of China’s poverty reduction wisdom,that is,the very specific "poverty reduction" "Mystery" and a Chinese solution with international universality,which aimed to help the effective dissemination and application of Chinese experience.Chapter 8 is the continuation of the road of poverty reduction with Chinese characteristics.After the elimination of absolute poverty in China,the problem of poverty will persist,people who have been lifted out of poverty still have a certain risk of returning to poverty,and the issue of relative poverty also needs to be addressed urgently.Therefore,it is necessary to consolidate and expand the achievements of poverty alleviation,realize the effective connection between poverty alleviation and rural revitalization,and establish a long-term mechanism to solve relative poverty.The first section of this chapter discusses the two main problems of China’s future poverty reduction,that is,the large-scale return of poverty-stricken people and the problem of relative poverty.The second section explains that to prevent the return of poverty and consolidate the results of poverty eradication,an effective connection between poverty eradication and rural revitalization must be realized,including the effective connection of specific development paths,institutional mechanisms,and policy support and conceptual understanding.The third section discusses how to build a long-term mechanism for solving the problem of relative poverty.First,we must continue to boost productivity to build a long-term power mechanism for solving the problem of relative poverty;Second,we must continue to adjust production relations to build a long-term mechanism for effective poverty reduction;and third,we must continue to improve the governance system to build a long-term guarantee mechanism.The innovations of this paper include the following.First,we have critically considered the Western theories that still dominate poverty reduction in developed and developing countries,summarized their theoretical deviations,and clarified the deep logic behind their theories,including the negative poverty reduction program under the logic of the rationality of poverty existence,the market-based poverty reduction program under the logic of automatic trickle-down poverty growth,the welfarist program under the logic of achieving distributive justice,and the individual stimulus program under the logic of individual attribution of poverty.China’s practice shows that poverty is not invincible and that liberal marketization is not a recipe for poverty reduction and development.Growth cannot automatically trickle down poverty,Welfareism is not an "attempt at socialism" or an "ideal model for a society of equal wealth," and the empowerment of abstract individuals and the correction of specific institutions are not enough to solve the root causes of poverty.Second,it proposes an explanatory framework that combines "system" and "governance".Western poverty reduction theories not only fail to solve the poverty problem,but also fail to explain the poverty reduction practice in China.To break the Western-centric knowledge system,respond to various sceptical arguments,and further promote poverty reduction and development,the article constructs an analytical framework of the political economy logic of the poverty reduction path with Chinese characteristics,provides a Marxist political economy explanation of the scientific connotation of the poverty reduction path with Chinese characteristics,and fully explains the fundamental logic of poverty reduction in China.The first key point of poverty reduction in China is to reduce poverty in development,the core is to promote free and comprehensive human development,the basic requirement is to reduce poverty comprehensively,and the fundamental method is materialistic dialectics.The fundamental logic of the road to poverty reduction with Chinese characteristics lies in the combination of "system" and "governance".The organic combination of the socialist "system logic" and the socialist superstructure "governance logic" based on the development of productive forces is embodied in the organic unity of the three logics of “development”,“institutional” and“governance”.Third,the "special" and "general" wisdom of China’s poverty reduction is discussed.Poverty reduction in China is a process with distinct Chinese economic,political,social,and cultural characteristics.The effective combination of "system" and "governance" gives China many unique advantages in poverty reduction.There is no institutional foundation for the polarization of the rich and the poor,no false promises caused by partisan disputes,and policies that cannot be sustained and coherent without frequent regime changes.There is also no capital logic,money democracy,and inefficient democracy in which capital is infinitely expanded and capital constitutes power,and there is no extreme individualistic moral principle that is compatible with capital logic.However,there are also some generally applicable poverty reduction programs with strong operability in China’s poverty reduction wisdom.Besides the specific programs,the policy connotation and policy logic behind the programs,as well as China’s strategic thinking and decision-making process to solve poverty problems,will be even more worthy of study and reference. |
PDF Full Text Request